Изменение условий во впадине Форë (Балтийское море): литология осадков и диатомовая флора

The Fårö Deep is situated north-east of the Gotland Island dividing the central part of the Baltic Sea. The sediment record shows all main stages of the Baltic Sea evolution in the Late Glacial and Holocene. This is verified by lithostratigraphic data and results of diatom flora analysis in the bottom sediment core PSh-5129 from the Fårö Deep. The homogeneous brownish grey clay at the bottom of the core marks the end of the glaciation when the Fårö Deep was part of a deep periglacial lake. The subsequently deposited clays with black interlayers and patches of Fe monosulphides underlying grey and greenish grey mud reflect dramatic changes in the environmental conditions. Analysis of sediment composition and diatom complexes confirmed that the alternation of lacustrine and marine conditions in the Fårö Deep in the Holocene followed the general evolution patterns of the Baltic Sea, yet with certain specific features. Due to a sophisticated water mass circulation during the Yoldia Sea stage, the marine influence was inconspicuous. Contrary to many sediment cores analysed from other parts of the Baltic Sea, the study sediment core contains only sparse and untypical diatom flora of the Litorina Sea

Nauji duomenys apie vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros neįtvirtintų gyvenviečių struktūrą ir ekonomiką: Skudenių gyvenvietė pietryčių Lietuvoje

2020 m. tiesiant magistralinį dujotiekį buvo vykdomi gelbėjamieji archeologiniai tyrimai romėniškojo geležies amžiaus Skudenių gyvenvietėje (Kaišiadorių r.), kuri datuota 130–240 cal AD. Čia aptikta trumpo laikotarpio medžiaga pateikė daug naujų duomenų apie neįtvirtintas Vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros gyvenvietes. Tirtame plote aiškiai išsiskiriančios stulpaviečių sankaupos leidžia identifikuoti pastatų vietas, analizuoti gyvenvietės struktūrą, išskiriant gyvenamąsias ir ūkinės veiklos zonas. Trumpo laikotarpio Skudenių keramikos kolekcija padėjo geriau suprasti vienu metu naudotos keramikos grupių skirtumus. Svarbių rezultatų gauta ir pirmą kartą šios kultūros keramikos analizei pritaikius petrografinį metodą. Visa tai leido pateikti ir naują šios kultūros keramikos klasifikaciją, išskiriant vienu metu naudotų trijų grupių keramiką. Žemės ūkio raidos pažinimui labai svarbi archeobotaninė medžiaga – tai tik antra archeobotaninė Vėlyvosios brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūros kolekcija, aptikta chronologiškai nesumišusioje gyvenvietėje. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjami su spalvotąja ir juodąja metalurgija, prekybiniais ryšiais susiję reiškiniai. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Vėlyvoji brūkšniuotosios keramikos kultūra, neįtvirtintos gyvenvietės, keramika, petrografija, žemdirbystė.In 2020, the construction of a pipeline led to a rescue archaeological excavation at the 130–240 cal AD Roman Iron Age settlement site near Skudeniai. The discovered material from its brief occupation has provided substantial new data on unenclosed settlements in the Late Striated Ware Culture. The distinct posthole accumulations in the surveyed area make it possible to identify building locations and to analyse the settlement’s structure by differentiating between the domestic and economic activity zones. The collection of pottery from Skudeniai’s brief existence provided a better understanding of the differences between the contemporary pottery groups. The first ever application of the petrographic method in the analysis of this culture’s ceramics also yielded important results that led to a new classification system that established distinctions between the three contemporary pottery groups. The archaeobotanical material from Skudeniai is of great importance for understanding the development of agriculture as it is only the second Late Striated Ware Culture archaeobotanical assemblege from a chronologically pure context. The article also analyses issues related to non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy and trade connections. Keywords: Late Striated Ware Culture, unenclosed settlements, pottery, petrography, agriculture

New Data on the Structure and Economy of Unenclosed Settlements in the Late Striated Ware Culture: The Skudeniai Settlement Site in Southeastern Lithuania

In 2020, the construction of a pipeline led to a rescue archaeological excavation at the 130–240 cal AD Roman Iron Age settlement site near Skudeniai. The discovered material from its brief occupation has provided substantial new data on unenclosed settlements in the Late Striated Ware Culture. The distinct posthole accumulations in the surveyed area make it possible to identify building locations and to analyse the settlement’s structure by differentiating between the domestic and economic activity zones. The collection of pottery from Skudeniai’s brief existence provided a better understanding of the differences between the contemporary pottery groups. The first ever application of the petrographic method in the analysis of this culture’s ceramics also yielded important results that led to a new classification system that established distinctions between the three contemporary pottery groups. The archaeobotanical material from Skudeniai is of great importance for understanding the development of agriculture as it is only the second Late Striated Ware Culture archaeobotanical assemblege from a chronologically pure context. The article also analyses issues related to non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy and trade connections. Keywords: Late Striated Ware Culture, unenclosed settlements, pottery, petrography, agriculture

Šventoji 2/4 iš arčiau – stratifikuota akmens amžiaus (3200–2600 cal bc) žvejybvietė Lietuvos pajūryje

Šventoji 2/4, which is situated on the Lithuanian coast, is among the most important East Baltic Stone Age sites due to the extraordinary preservation of archaeological finds in waterlogged gyttja and due to extensive excavations ongoing since 1967. This paper presents the results of excavations in 2014 and subsequent laboratory analyses. This new research has allowed for the revision of the site’s chronology and function as well as provided valuable environmental data. In 3200–2700 cal BC the site was used as a fishing station constructed in the deepest part of the shallow lagoonal lake. Remains of various fishing gear and other human waste left during fishing expeditions accumulated there. Enormous amounts of cranial fish bones left during the initial processing of the catch that was carried out directly at the fishery indicate that cyprinids, pike, and zander were mostly caught at the site. The site most likely continued to be used in similar way during the beginning of the Neolithic, although Globular Amphora culture fishermen did not process fish on the site and transported the entire catch to dwelling sites instead

Application of the pollen data to the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental and climatic variations: investigation of the ULA-2 outcrop

The main aim of the investigations conducted was to analyse lateglacial environmental changes in south-eastern Lithuania. Multidisciplinary methods (pollen, LOI, carbonate analysis, isotope 14C (AMS)) were applied to organically enriched deposits, covered with the aeolian sand, in the outcrop located on the left bank of Ula River, the left tributary of Merkys River (54º06´34,1´´N, 24º28´44,4´´E). The data collected, including the results of radiocarbon dating from Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory, indicate that sedimentation started at the beginning of lateglacial interstadial, the warmest period of the investigated Lateglacial interval. Deposition of the gyttja started at about 15200–14650 cal. yr BP, or during GI-1e event (Lowe et al. 2008), and was interrupted at 13630–13300 cal. yr BP, during the GI-1b event. Pollen data show that Betula predominated forests with the grasses enriched with? underwood existed during the GI-1e climatic event, when the amount of organic matter in the sediments increased. Later, an increase in Pinus representation is observed. Approaching the upper part of sediments, some instability in the pollen diagram is seen. Abundance of the cold-tolerant plants suggests colder and dryer climate which determined a thinning of the forest cover and expansion of different herbs. According to our new data these sediments were deposited during the GI-1b or Gertsenzee climatic event. Infilling of this sedimentation basin ended during this climatic event, much earlier than previously thought

New Archaeological, Paleoenvironmental, and 14C Data from the Šventoji Neolithic Sites, NW Lithuania

Archaeological, geological, and paleoecological investigations supported by radiocarbon dating enabled us to present a reconstruction of chronologically based paleoenvironmental and human activity changes in the Šventoji region, NW Lithuania, during the period 4000–800 cal BC. In addition, we describe the main stages of the Late Glacial and Holocene periods in the area. The Baltic Ice Lake regression was succeeded by a terrestrial period until the Littorina Sea maximal transgression at 5700–5400 cal BC. A marine bay with brackish water was transformed into a freshwater lagoon before the oldest archaeological evidence of human presence, i.e. 4000/3700 cal BC. However, the presence of Cerealia type and Plantago lanceolata pollen dating back to about 4400–4300 cal BC suggests earlier farming activities in the area. Pollen analyses show the minor but continuous role of cereal cultivation after 3250 cal BC. Due to the predominance of the boggy landscape in the immediate vicinity of the Šventoji sites, agricultural fields were situated further away from the sites themselves. Exploitation of remote areas of the freshwater basin by diverse fishing gear was proven by the discovery of a new fishing site, Šventoji 41 (2900–2600 cal BC). This finding together with data of previous research suggest a complex and elaborate coastal economy involving seal hunting and year-round freshwater fishing during the 3rd millennium cal BC. A decline in human activity is seen in the pollen diagram after 1800 cal BC, which could be due to significant environmental changes, including overgrowth of the freshwater lagoon basin with vegetation.The Radiocarbon archives are made available by Radiocarbon and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202