IN VITRO ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITY OF CISSUS QUADRANGULARIS STEM EXTRACT

Objective: The present investigation deals with the study of in vitro anti-arthritic activity by inhibition of protein denaturation method by bovine serum albumin method and egg albumin method. Cissus quadrangularis Linn plant is a perennial tendril climber with quadrangular stem. It is used in the treatment of gout, syphilis, stomach ache, regularized the menstrual cycle, antimicrobial activity, and piles in Ayurvedic medicine, and traditionally used for the bone fracture.Method: The air-dried powder of C. quadrangularis Linn (stem parts) was extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus with methanol C. quadrangularis (MECQ) and aqueous C. quadrangularis water (AECQ) as solvent. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. The activities were carried out using the following concentration (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/ml) and compared with diclofenac as standard drug. It has significant in vitro anti-arthritic in both the methods.Result: The extract of C. quadrangularis possessed significant anti-arthritic property in MECQ than compared to AECQ.Conclusion: Activity may be due to the presence of the chemical profile such as phenolic acid, flavonoid (leuteotin), and β-sitosterol. The results of the study have suggested in the use of C. quadrangularis Linn as a potent anti-arthritic in several applications

Phytochemical investigation and comparative pharmacological Screening (viz, hepatoprotective, anti ulcer, diuretic and Antioxidant activity) of ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus Linn.and Trichosanthes cucumerina Linn. with Coriander formulation.

INTRODUCTION : India has a rich legacy of deep-rooted medicine constituting with its different gears like Ayurveda, unani, homoeopathy siddha and Naturopathy. All the above components based upon the herbs as a medicine. Traditional health care has been successful in this country for many centuries. In India around 20,000 medicinal plant species have been recorded recently, but more than 500 traditional plants use for curing most of the diseases. Herbal constituents are the medicinal products which contain mixture of compounds obtained from plant materials as their pharmacologically active components. These generally consist of complex mixtures of one or more plants and plant materials. The entire plant material contains plant materials viz., leaves, seeds, stems, wood, bark, flowers, fruits, roots, rhizomes, resins , gums and essential oils, etc. Plants have provided to mankind a large variety of potent drugs to ease relief from diseases. In spite of amazing advances in synthetic drugs in couple of years, some of the drugs from plant origin have still retained their magnitude. The use of plant based drugs of the world is growing and this is because of the faith that many herbal medicines are free from side effect. AIM AND OBJECTIVES : The growth of fast and precise analytical methodology and the preparation of purified analytical and experimental standards for the analysis of plant phytochemical is a key part of the new research effort aimed at unlocking the mode of action of phytochemical in both plant and animal systems. Often, these compounds are found very low concentration in the plants. They may be accumulated only under certain condition, such as the growth of reproductive structures or under specific types of stress. Accurate analytical methodology, in collaboration with accurate biological studies is required, to determine the effect of these compounds on health. So, there is emerging to have a research and development in the field of medicinal plants has acquired a considerable importance. 1. Due to increasing in the scope and demand of herbal drugs, especially in disease like liver, cancer, diabetes, ulcer, diarrhea, arthritis and skin disease etc. Hence It’s planned here to study the plants like Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (EETC), Cucumis sativus L. (EECS) and Coriandrum sativum L. (EECRS) for phytochemical investigation and develop a poly herbal formulation and their pharmacological studies. 2. The selected plants for the present study were based on its easy availability, degree of research work which is not done in a particular area. 3. The literature survey revealed that very less amount of hepato productive and anti ulcer studies has been carried out to the leaves of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. and Cucumis sativus L. 4. Therefore, it was thought valuable to carry out preliminary phytochemical screening (By chemical test), isolation of some compounds and characterization of isolated compounds (by IR, NMR and Mass analysis) the comparative pharmacological screening ring of ethanol extracts of leaves of Trichosanthes cucumerina L., Cucumis sativus L. and their formulation with Coriandrum sativum L. fruit viz. hepatoprotective, diuretic, antiulcer and antioxidant activity. The plant extracts shows considerable report in pharmacological screening hence it planned to formulate herbal tablet formulation. The extracts of the three plants shows hepatoprotective , diuretic and antioxidant activity. Except Coriander other two plants showed antiulcer activity. Hence for hepatoprotective and diuretic activity all the three plants are used to prepare tablet and named as polyherbal formulation (PHF), for Antiulcer and Antioxidant activity only EETC and EECS are used and named as herbal formulation (HF). 5. The main focal point of this study was hepatoproductive and antiulcer activity with new herbal formulation and in isolated compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Fresh leaves of Trichosanthes cucumerina L., Cucumis sativus L. and fruits of Coriandrum sativum L. were collected from field of Komarapalayam and authenticated by Dr.P. Satyanarayana, Scientist D & Head office in charge, Southern Regional Centre, TNAU campus, Coimbatore. Voucher specimen (No: J.K.KNCP/0102/12, 13and 14) has been deposited in the Department of Pharmacognosy, J.K.K Nataraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam, Tamilnadu, India The fruits of Corriandrum sativum L. were dried and then crushed into fine powder by using laboratory Homogenizer then stored for further use. Extraction The dried powder material was subjected to defat by using Petroleum ether to remove waxy substances and chlorophyll . The marc, which was defatted with petroleum ether was dried and extracted with using ethanol in a soxhlet extractor for 72 hours. The solvent was then subjected to distillation and the resulting semisolid mass was dried and then stored in a desiccator to get a yield. INFERENCES : From the above phytochemical screening the EETC shows the presence of Alkaloids,carbohydrates,saponions, glycosides and phytosterols. EECS shows the presence of proteins and aminoacids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and phytosterols. EECRS shows the presence of proteins and aminoacids, saponins ,glycosides and phytosterols. These above said constituents present all the three extracts may be responsible for the pharmacological activities. For hepatoprotective activity animals are divided in to nine groups after seven days treatment with EETC ,EECS ,EECRS, ISO-I and ISO-2 restored the level of serum biochemical parameters(viz SGOT,SGPT,Total biluribin,ALP,Direct biluribin and Total Protein) towards normalization. But the effect of PHF on these parameters was comparable to that of standard Silymarin. Histopathological report also supported that liver section were in normal circumstance. In antiulcer activity EETC ,EECS ,EECRS, ISO-I and ISO-2, shows a marked effect in gastro protective activity. But HF shows significant effect in reducing ulcer when compared with standard drug Ranitidine. CONCLUSION Plants from Cucurbitaceae family was selected for the investigation because most of research work carried out in this family was focused on seeds and fruits. Hence Trichosanthes cucumerina L. and Cucumis sativus L. selected from this family and carried out preliminary phytochemical investigation and pharmacological screening like hepatoprotective , antiulcer ,diuretic and antioxidant activity. All the plant extracts shows considerable result in all the above mentioned screening hence it was planned to prepare herbal formulation and isolation of active substance from the plant extract. As per the serum parameters result the formulation has the significant effect to normalize the serum parameters when compared to standard drug Sylimarin. There is also significant results given by formulation in gastro protective effect . Diuretic and antioxidant activity also shows the same report. Over all it was concluded that the plant extracts of EETC,EECS and EECRS is safe at up to the dose level of 2000mg/kg. It can be used as a natural source of Hepatoprotectant, antiulcer drug,diuretic drug and antioxidants which can be used in the prevention of diseases caused by free radicals. The combination of all these three plant extracts(EETC,EECS and EECRS) showed potent hepatoprotective and diuretic drug. The formulation of other two plant extracts showed potent antiulcer and antioxidant drug. It also need to study to isolate and characterize the some more active compounds that are responsible for the all the above activities

Solvent effects on the dipole moments and photo physical properties of laser dye

The absorption and emission spectra of fluorescent laser dye namely, 4,4”’-bis-2-butyyloctyl-oxy)-P-quaterphenyl have been recorded at room temperature in solvents of different polarities. The exited state dipole moments (µe) have been estimated from Lippert’s, Bakhshiev’s and Kawski-Chamma-Viallet’s equations using the variation of Stoke’s shift with the solvent dielectric constant and refractive index. The geometry of the molecule has been fully optimized and the µg has also been calculated theoretically by Gaussian 03 software using B3LYP/6-31g* level of theory. The µg and µe have been calculated by means of solvatochromic shift method. It has been observed that µe is higher than µg, indicating a substantial redistribution of the π-electron densities in a more polar excited state for the selected laser dye. Further, the changes in the dipole moment (µ) has been calculated both from solvatochromic shift method and microscopic empirical solvent polarity parameter (E) and values are compared.

Nanodiamond as a vector for siRNA delivery to Ewing sarcoma cells

We investigated the ability of diamond nanoparticles (nanodiamonds, NDs) to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) in Ewing sarcoma cells, in the perspective of in vivo anti-cancer nucleic acid drug delivery. siRNA was adsorbed onto NDs previously coated with cationic polymer. Cell uptake of NDs has been demonstrated by taking advantage of NDs intrinsic fluorescence coming from embedded color center defects. Cell toxicity of these coated NDs was shown to be low. Consistent with the internalization efficacy, we have shown a specific inhibition of EWS/Fli-1 gene expression at the mRNA and protein level by the ND vectorized siRNA in a serum containing medium

INVITRO ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY Punicagranatum.LinnLEAF EXTRACT: INVITRO ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY Punicagranatum.LinnLEAF EXTRACT

ABSTRACT: The intestinal digestive enzymes like alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase are played aa vital role in  carbohydrate digestion. One antidiabetic beneficial approach reduces the  glucose level in blood by the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes. These can be an important approach in managing of blood glucose. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical bioactive compounds of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Punicagranatum leaves, its in vitro anti-diabetic activity. The assay results illustrate that the presence of bioactive compounds, could be responsible for the medicinal properties of this plant including diabetes, the extract exhibit the dose-dependent increase in inhibitory effect on alpha-amylase enzyme (upto 96.3%). The current study proves that the antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Punica granatum leaves by in vitro studies OBJECTIVE: The present investigation deals with the study of in vitro anti- diabetic activity by inhibition of intestinal absorption of glucose by alpha amylase method.PunicagranatumLinnplant is afruit-bearing deciduous shrub. It is used in the treatment of pneumonia as a bitter tonic  also used in the treatment of flu, mouth &lip infection, antifungal, immunosuppressant. Used to treat heart disorders, stomach disorders, dental care, anaemia and osteo arthiritis. METHOD: The air dried powder of PunicagranatumLinn(leave part) were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus with Ethanol(EEPG) and water (AEPG) as solvent. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure. The activities were carried out using the following concentration (10,20,30,40 and 50 μg/ml) and compared with acarbose as standard drug. It have significant in vitro anti- diabetic in alpha amylase method. RESULT: The extract of Punica granatum possessed significant anti diabetic property in Ethanol Extract (EEPG) than compared to Aqueous Extract (AEPG) CONCLUSION:  Activity may be due to the presence of chemical profile such as glycosides, flavonoids and terpenoids. The results of the study have suggested in the use of Punica granatum Linn as as a potent anti-diabetic in several applications. Keywords: PunicagranatumLinn, Anti diabetic, alpha amylase method, aqueous and ethanol and Acarbose

Nanodiamond-mediated drug delivery and imaging: challenges and opportunities

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HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF Trichosanthes cucurmena L.

Objective: This study investigated the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (EETC), in paracetamol inducedhepatotoxic studies carried out in male albino rats and included to produce toxicity of the formulation.Methods: Albino rats (175 g) were taken and divided into four groups liver necrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of paracetamol (3 mg/kg b.w, p.o). The hepatoprotective activity of EETC was evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate oxaloacetatetransaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The serum levels of total proteins andbilirubin were also estimated. The histological studies were carried out to support the above parameters. Here Silymarin was used as standard drug.Result: Administration of EETC (150 mg/kg, p.o.) markedly prevented paracetamol-induced elevation of levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and bilirubin. Thedecreased level of total proteins due to hepatic damage induced by paracetamol was found to be increased in EETC treated group.Conclusion: The results are comparable to the of silymarin. A histopathological study of liver exhibited almost normal architecture when comparedwith paracetamol treated group. Hence the hepatoprotective activity of EECT was proved.Keywords: Trichosanthes cucumerina L., Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, Sylimarin andParacetamol

Cyclic porphyrin dimers as hosts for coordinating ligands

Bicovalently linked tetraphenylporphyrins bearing dioxypentane groups at the opposite (transoid, H4A) and adjacent (cisoid, H4B) aryl groups have been synthesised. Protonation of the free-base porphyrins leads to fully protonated species H8A4+/H8A4+ accompanied by expansion of cavity size of the bisporphyrins. The electrochemical redox studies of these porphyrins and their Zinc(II) derivatives revealed that the first ring oxidation proceeds through a two-electron process while the second ring oxidation occurs at two distinct one-electron steps indicating unsymmetrical charge distribution in the oxidized intermediate. The axial ligation properties of the Zinc(Il) derivatives of H4A/H4B with DABCO and PMDA investigated by spectroscopic and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies showed predominant existence of 1: I complex. The Zn2A.DABCO complex assumes an interesting eclipsed structure wherein DABCO is located inside the cavity between the two porphyrin planes with Zn-N distances at 2.08 and 2.22 Å. The Zn atoms are pulled into the cavity due to coordination towards nitrogen atoms of DABCO and deviate from the mean porphyrin plane by 0.35 Å. The electrochemical redox potentials of the axially ligated metal derivatives are found to be sensitive function of the relative coordinating ability of the ligands and the conformation of the hosts

Synthesis and structure of ferrocene-linked Schiff base porphyrins.

A series of mono ferrocene Schiff-base porphyrins in which the ferrocene unit is disposed in different orientations to the porphyrin core have been synthesized from meso-5(o- or p)aminophenyl-10,15,20-triphenyl-21,23-H-porphyrin and ferrocenecarboxaldehyde. The optical and magnetic resonance spectral features of these derivs. reveal weak interactions between ferrocene and porphyrin units. The kinetics of metal incorporation into the free-base ferrocenyl porphyrins indicate the steric features induced by the ferrocene unit. Electrochem. redox behavior of the compds. shows that the ferrocene and porphyrin entities behave as independent units. Steady-state photolysis expts. reveal no internal electron-transfer, although the energies of the CT state of porphyrin-ferricenium ion indicate the feasibility of electron transfer in these systems