Carbon Dioxide Appropriation Using Alkanolamine Blends: Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Modelling Approach

Design of sour-gas treating processes with alkanolamine solvents requires knowledge of vapor liquid equilibrium(VLE)of the aqueous acid gas–alkanolamine systems.An approximate thermodynamic model is developed to correlate and predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)of CO2 in aqueous N-Ethyl Ethanolamine (EAE) solution in the temperature range (303.1-323.1 K).The values of deprotonation constant(K4)and carbamate reversion constant(K5)are determined by using the model derived from the VLE data of the ternary system(CO2 + EAE+ H2O).The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data of CO2 solubility in aqueous EAE solution available in the open literature.Similarly modified Kent Eisenberg model is validated for the quaternary(CO2 + AMP+PZ+ H2O)system.To consider the phase non-ideality in the(CO2+AMP+PZ+H2O)system we assumed the equilibrium constants are a function of temperature,CO2 partial pressure and amine concentration.The adjustable equilibrium constants Ki’ are then estimated.Rigorous thermodynamic model i.e.NRTL model is developed and VLE data of(CO2 + MDEA+ H2O)is correlated to find out the interaction parameters.The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data of CO2 solubility in aqueous MDEA solution available in the open literature.Density and viscosity of two novel tertiary alkanolamines including1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine(1-(2-HE)PP)and 2-diethylaminoethanol(DEAE)in their aqueous blends with Piperazine(PZ)have been measured over a temperature range of(303.1, 308.1, 313.1, 318.1, 323.1)K and total amine mass fraction in all the blends was kept constant at 30 %.The mass % ratios of(PZ)/ (1-(2-HE)PP or DEAE)considered for measurements were 3/27, 6/24, 9/21 and 12/18.Density and viscosity of the ternary mixtures were correlated as functions of temperature and amine composition using thermodynamic framework.Modeling and simulation is done in MATLAB platform

Reductive Biotransformation of Ethyl Acetoacetate: A Comparative Studies using Free and Immobilized Whole Yeast Cells

Bioreduction of ethyl acetoacetate with free and immobilized yeast whole cell was achieved by using water and sucrose combination. After detachment from immobilized beads under basic condition, the corresponding ethyl(S)-(+)-3-hydroxybutanoate was isolated with 98 to 100% yield. Immobilized beads of yeast whole cell were prepared at different temperature which affects the morphology and physiology of the beads for the diffusion of the enzyme, which shown the maximum conversion of the substrate to products as compared to the free yeast whole cell

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Analysis And Design Of Floating Columns: A Review

Framed structures are very popular in India and column plays an important role in structural engineering. A column is a vertical member which starts from foundation and transfers the structural load to the ground through foundation. The term floating column is also a vertical member at its lower level rests on a beam which is a horizontal member. The beams in turn transfer the load toother columns below it. This paper studies the comparison of a multistorey building with and without floating column using Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems (ETABS) software.The values of shear force and bending moment for normal and floating columns are extracted and compared using ETABS

Xyloglucan Based In Situ Gel of Lidocaine HCl for the Treatment of Periodontosis

The present study was aimed at formulating thermoreversible in situ gel of local anesthetic by using xyloglucan based mucoadhesive tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) into periodontal pocket. Temperature-sensitive in situ gel of lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) (2% w/v) was formulated by cold method. A full 3 2 factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables concentrations of Lutrol F127 and TSP to optimize in situ gel. The dependent variables evaluated were gelation temperature ( 1 ) and drug release ( 2 ). The results revealed the surface pH of 6.8, similar to the pH of saliva. Viscosity study showed the marked increase in the viscosity of gel at 37 ∘ C due to sol-gel conversion. TSP was found to act as good mucoadhesive component to retain gel at the site of application in dental pocket. Gelation of formulation occurred near to body temperature. In vitro study depicted the fast onset of drug action but lasting the release (90%) till 2 h. Formulation F7 was considered as optimized batch, containing 18% Lutrol F127 and 1% tamarind seed polysaccharide. Thus, lidocaine hydrochloride thermoreversible in situ gel offered an alternative to painful injection therapy of anesthesia during dental surgery, with fast onset of anesthetic action lasting throughout the dental procedure

Varus Knee Deformity Classification Based on Degree and Extra- or Intra-Articular Location of Coronal Deformity and Osteoarthritis Grade.

Medial coronal plane malalignment, also known as varus alignment, is commonly reported in osteoarthritic knees. Although the degree of deformity provides some insight regarding the severity of the disease, it does not always reflect the potential complexity of the surgical treatment. This prospective observational study was conducted by analyzing the radiographs of 100 consecutive knees in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. For each knee, coronal alignment, expressed as the hip-knee-ankle angle, was measured on a full-leg standing radiograph and classified in 3 stages. The primary location of the varus deformity was identified as intra-articular and/or extra-articular. Additionally, knees were evaluated to assess for 10 radiographic features of varus deformity and then classified in 3 grades of osteoarthritis severity. The mean (and standard deviation) preoperative varus deformity was 11° ± 6° of varus (hip-knee-ankle, 169°), as measured on standardized full-leg radiographs. Extra-articular varus deformity was observed in 14% of patients. A higher number of radiographic features of varus severity corresponded with higher degrees of deformity. Varus grade correlated strongly with stage of varus deformity. Twenty-three (100%) of 23 stage-III deformities had grade-C features; however, 13 (48%) of 27 stage-I patients also had grade-C disease. One of every 7 osteoarthritis patients with varus deformity had an extra-articular deformity, and 1 of 2 of these patients had severe intra-articular disease (grade C) despite limited coronal deformity (stage I). These findings reconfirm the need for individual deformity analysis that accounts for the degree, location, and severity of the varus deformity. This insight may help to formulate an algorithmic treatment approach specific to the epiphyseal knee anatomy of the patient and according to the surgical preferences of the surgeon. Knee surgeons tend to consider knees with higher degrees of coronal deformity as more technically difficult, but the present study shows that knees with less deformity can still present with severe grades of osteoarthritis inside the knee, leading to more challenging joint reconstruction

Study on Analysis and Design of G+7 Story Building Using STAADPro and ETABS Software

Analyze and design of G+7 storey building structure by using softwar