Fettelimination im Rahmen der Autotransfusion:eine In-vitro-Untersuchung verschiedener Filtersysteme

Im Rahmen der Autotransfusion intraoperativ angesaugten Blutes gilt es zur Vermeidung von Komplikationen wie dem Fettsäureemboliesyndrom oder ARDS darin enthaltene Fettpartikel vollständig zu eliminieren. In dieser Studie werden 3 verschiedene Transfusionsfilter u.a. auf ihre Fetteliminationseigenschaften untersucht. Keiner der genannten Filter erreicht eine annähernd vollständige Fettelimination. Selbst nach vorheriger Aufbereitung des Wundblutes mittels Cell Saver auf Glockenzentrifugenbasis werden maximal 91% des enthaltenen Öles zurückgehalten, können bei weiterer Verwendung des Filters jedoch z. T. erneut ausgewaschen werden. Um eine möglichst 100%ige Fettelimination zu garantieren, kann kein auf dem Markt befindlicher Transfusionsfilter empfohlen werden, sondern es empfielt sich zur Vermeidung fettinduzierter Transfusionskomplikationen die Verwendung eines Cell Savers der kontinuierlich aufbereitenden Generation

Dietary cation–anion difference may explain why ammonium urate nephrolithiasis occurs more frequently in common bottlenose dolphins (\u3ci\u3eTursiops truncatus\u3c/i\u3e) under human care than in free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins

Ammonium urate nephrolithiasis frequently develops in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) managed under human care but is rare in free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins. In other species, the dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) can affect ammonium urate urolith forma- tion by increasing proton excretion as ammonium ions. Therefore, differences in diet between the 2 dolphin populations could affect urolith formation, but the DCAD of most species consumed by free-ranging and managed dolphins is unknown. To compare the nutrient composition of diets consumed by free-ranging and managed bottlenose dolphins, samples (n = 5) of the 8 species of fish commonly consumed by free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, FL, and the 7 species of fish and squid commonly fed to man- aged bottlenose dolphins were analyzed for nutrient content. Metabolizable energy was calculated using Atwater factors; the DCAD was calculated using 4 equations commonly used in people and animals that use different absorption coefficients. The nutrient composition of individual species was used to predict the DCAD of 2 model diets typically fed to managed common bottlenose dolphins and a model diet typically consumed by common bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay. To mimic differences in postmortem handling of fish for the 2 populations of bottlenose dolphins, “free-ranging” samples were immediately frozen at −80°C and minimally thawed before anal- ysis, whereas “managed” samples were frozen for 6 to 9 mo at −18°C and completely thawed. “Free- ranging” species contained more Ca and P and less Na and Cl than “managed” fish and squid species. As a consequence, the DCAD of both model managed dolphin diets obtained using 3 of the 4 equations was much more negative than the DCAD of the model free-ranging bottlenose dolphin diet (P \u3c 0.05). The results imply that managed bottlenose dolphins must excrete more protons in urine than free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, which will promote nephrolith formation. The nutrient composition of the free-ranging bottlenose dolphin diet, determined for the first time here, can be used as a guide for feeding managed bottlenose dolphins, but research in vivo is warranted to determine whether adding more cations to the diet will prevent urolith formation in managed dolphins

Dietary cation–anion difference may explain why ammonium urate nephrolithiasis occurs more frequently in common bottlenose dolphins (\u3ci\u3eTursiops truncatus\u3c/i\u3e) under human care than in free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins

Ammonium urate nephrolithiasis frequently develops in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) managed under human care but is rare in free-ranging common bottlenose dolphins. In other species, the dietary cation–anion difference (DCAD) can affect ammonium urate urolith forma- tion by increasing proton excretion as ammonium ions. Therefore, differences in diet between the 2 dolphin populations could affect urolith formation, but the DCAD of most species consumed by free-ranging and managed dolphins is unknown. To compare the nutrient composition of diets consumed by free-ranging and managed bottlenose dolphins, samples (n = 5) of the 8 species of fish commonly consumed by free-ranging bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, FL, and the 7 species of fish and squid commonly fed to man- aged bottlenose dolphins were analyzed for nutrient content. Metabolizable energy was calculated using Atwater factors; the DCAD was calculated using 4 equations commonly used in people and animals that use different absorption coefficients. The nutrient composition of individual species was used to predict the DCAD of 2 model diets typically fed to managed common bottlenose dolphins and a model diet typically consumed by common bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay. To mimic differences in postmortem handling of fish for the 2 populations of bottlenose dolphins, “free-ranging” samples were immediately frozen at −80°C and minimally thawed before anal- ysis, whereas “managed” samples were frozen for 6 to 9 mo at −18°C and completely thawed. “Free- ranging” species contained more Ca and P and less Na and Cl than “managed” fish and squid species. As a consequence, the DCAD of both model managed dolphin diets obtained using 3 of the 4 equations was much more negative than the DCAD of the model free-ranging bottlenose dolphin diet (P \u3c 0.05). The results imply that managed bottlenose dolphins must excrete more protons in urine than free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, which will promote nephrolith formation. The nutrient composition of the free-ranging bottlenose dolphin diet, determined for the first time here, can be used as a guide for feeding managed bottlenose dolphins, but research in vivo is warranted to determine whether adding more cations to the diet will prevent urolith formation in managed dolphins

Friedrich A. Kittler : Esthétique et théorie des médias

On doit à Friedrich A. Kittler d’avoir renouvelé l’approche du sensible et de la pensée à partir d’une interrogation sur leurs conditions média-techniques. Ce numéro explore les liens inédits que ce dernier trace entre techniques médiatiques, sciences humaines, littérature et arts – et qui se traduisent par l’élaboration d’une théorie et d’une discipline nouvelles, voire d’une métaphysique. Lire la suit