An update work of pulse oximetry screening for detecting critical congenital heart disease in the newborn

Background: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the commonest group of congenital malformations and affects 7-8 per 1000 live born newborns. Nevertheless, it is estimated that more than 50% of babies with undiagnosed CHD are not detected by routine neonatal cardiac examination. Aim: To find the incidence of CHD in newborns and to determine the accuracy of pulse oximetry for detecting clinically unrecognized critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) in the newborns. Methods: Pulse oximetry was performed on clinically normal newborns within 4 hours of first day of life. Inclusion criteria: All newborns who were admitted in postnatal ward & Neonatal Intensive care unit (NICU). Exclusion criteria: babies and neonates with a prenatal diagnosis of duct dependent circulation. If oxygen saturation (SpO2) was below 90%, then echocardiography was performed. Results: During the study period, 4926 live born neonates were examined. Nine out of 12 neonates with SpO2<90% had CCHD. Four neonates had tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), two had tricuspid atresia, two had transposition of great arteries (TGA) and one had truncus arteriosus. The incidence of CHD was 33.49 per 1000 live births and CCHD was 1.82 per 1000. A pulse oximetry cut-off value of below 90% for detecting CCHD showed 90% sensitivity, 99.94% specificity, 75% positive predictive value (PPV) and 99.98% negative predictive value (NPV). Conclusion: Pulse oximetry is safe, feasible and noninvasive and also used to screen for CCHD. It is the nice method to detect the CHD along with the physical examination of neonates by medical personal.peer-reviewe

Knowledge and attitudes of health profession's students about inter-relationship of communication gap with generation gap

Aim: To find out the knowledge and attitude of health profession's students about communication gap and generation gap and their co-relation. Materials and Methods: A debate was organized for 200 health profession's students between the age group of 18–24 years to know their knowledge, attitude, views, and ideas about “Generation gap”, “communication gap,” and co-relation of the two. Students not only actively participated in the debate and discussed various points related to this topic but also shared their ideas on “how to solve this communication gap due to the generation gap.” Result: Prevalidated questions were asked to 200 health profession's students. Various factors responsible for communication gap and generation gap were discussed. Knowledge and attitude of health profession's students gave important clues for developing effective communication and also to improve the generation gap. Conclusion: One of the important barriers in achieving effective communication is a generation gap. As per the opinion of health profession's students, to solve this problem, one has to be a good listener, share ideas and problems, seek advice from parents, treat elders with respect, and give equal importance to career and family. Thus knowledge and attitude of health profession's students can be helpful in achieving good communication skills in the context of medical and other healthcare practice for professional-patient interaction and within the healthcare team

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the frontal bone with intracranial extension

Primary Ewing\u2032s sarcoma arising from the skull is extremely rare. We report a case of an 11-year-old male child with primary Ewing\u2032s sarcoma of the frontal bone with intracranial extension. We also discuss the imaging and intraoperative findings and describe our use of a split calvarial graft in the present case

Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the frontal bone with intracranial extension

Primary Ewing′s sarcoma arising from the skull is extremely rare. We report a case of an 11-year-old male child with primary Ewing′s sarcoma of the frontal bone with intracranial extension. We also discuss the imaging and intraoperative findings and describe our use of a split calvarial graft in the present case