Molecular Typing of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequence-Based PCR in a Hospital in Tehran, Iran

Background: The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is increasing worldwide and blaCTX-M1 is the predominant β-lactamase. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the ESBL production and prevalence of blaCTX-M1, blaSHV and blaTEM and AmpC genes and repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) pattern among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Tehran from 2014 to 2016. Materials and Methods: One hundred eleven isolates were collected during the study period. The PCR was employed to detect the blaCTX-M1, blaSHV, blaTEM and AmpC genes. The genetic relation of isolates was performed using rep-PCR typing method. Results: Eighty-three and 86 isolates showed Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥2 against ceftazidime and cefotaxime, respectively and 80 (72%) isolates exhibited ESBL production. The prevalence of blaCTX-M1, blaSHV, blaTEM and AmpC genes among ESBL producers was 92.5% (n = 74), 66.2% (n = 53), 56.2% (n = 45) and 2.5% (n = 2), respectively. The rep-PCR typing pattern of isolates showed a wide diversity, indicating the polyclonal spread of CTX-M type producing isolates. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlighted the emergence and spread of K. pneumoniae isolates producing CTX-M and other ESBL enzymes with diverse genetic backgrounds in a hospital in Tehran

Supplementation with spinach-derived thylakoid augments the benefits of high intensity training on adipokines, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in males with obesity

International audienceIntroductionThis study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) combined with spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation on some selected Adipokines and insulin resistance in males with obesity. MethodSixty-eight participants (mean age: 27.6 and PLUSMN; 8.4 yrs.; mean height: 168.4 and PLUSMN; 2.6 cm; mean weight: 95.7 and PLUSMN; 3.8 kg, mean BMI: 32.6 and PLUSMN; 2.6 kg/m(2)) were randomly divided into four groups of 17 per group: Control group (CG), Supplement group (SG), Training group (TG), and Training + supplement group (TSG). Following baseline measurements, the two training groups (TG and TSG) started the 12 weeks of exercise training program (3 sessions per week). A total of 36 sessions lasting up to 60 min were included in the HIFT program using the CrossFit program. The eligible participants received 5 g/day of thylakoid-rich spinach extract or matching placebo as 5 g/day of raw corn starch (one sachet, 30 min before lunch) for 12 weeks. Baseline assessments were obtained 48 hours before the start of the training protocols and 48 hours after the last training session in all groups. ResultsThere were significant interactions (p<0.001 for all) between exercise and time for adiponectin (ES:0.48), leptin (ES:0.46), resistin (ES:0.3), omentin (ES:0.65), vaspin (ES:0.46), visfatin (ES:0.62), apelin (ES:0.42), RBP4 (ES:0.63), chemrin (0.36) and semaphorin3c (ES: 0.5). Plasma levels of semaphorin3c were significantly correlated (p<0.05) with body weight (r= 0.57), BMI (r= 0.43), FFM (r= -0.612), FAT (r= 0.768), VO2peak (r=-0.53), insulin (r= 0.756), glucose (r= 0.623), and HOMA-IR (r= 0.727). There were also significant group differences in insulin (ES: 0.77), glucose (ES: 0.21), and HOM-IR (ES: 0.44) (p<0.05). DiscussionOur findings indicate that 12 weeks of HIFT supplemented with spinach-derived thylakoid reduced levels of leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, apelin, RBP4, chemrin, semaphorin3c and insulin resistance while increasing adiponectin and omentin levels in men with obesity