Parameter estimation of wormholes beyond the Heisenberg limit

We propose to exploit the quantum properties of nonlinear media to estimate the parameters of massless wormholes. The spacetime curvature produces a change in length with respect to Minkowski spacetime that can be estimated in principle with an interferometer. We use quantum metrology techniques to show that the sensitivity is improved with nonlinear media and propose a nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer to estimate the parameters of massless wormholes that scales beyond the Heisenberg limit

Interactions with water of mixed acetic-fatty cellulose esters

Cellulose powder was acylated with mixtures containing acetic, fatty and acetic-fatty anhydrides to form acetic-fatty cellulose esters. The total degree of substitution (DS) of the mixed cellulose esters (MCE) ranged from 2x10-2 to 2.92. MCE were characterized by their interactions with water. Static contact angles with water were measured on a regular smooth surface. The values found were dependent on the fatty acyl content and independent of the acetyl content. In the case of acetic-oleic cellulose esters, the minimum DS of the oleoyl moiety required to obtain permanent water repellency was 3x10-4. The microporosity of the samples may account for this exceptional hydrophobic character. Nevertheless, water vapor adsorption measurements on powder samples revealed only a limited increase in hydrophobicity of the MCE compared to cellulose acetate with the same acetyl content. It was thus demonstrated that water repellency and vapor water adsorption are not correlated

Determination of the degree of substitution (DS) of mixed cellulose esters by elemental analysis

Equations for transforming the results of elemental analysis (EA) into degree of substitution (DS) values for aliphatic cellulose esters were developed. The equations allow to determine the DS of cellulose derivatives bearing not only one but also two different acyl substituents. Error transmission studies revealed that the accuracy of the DS-values for a pure sample depends on both the number of carbon atoms in the substituents and on the uncertainty of the EA, especially from the hydrogen content. This method provides accurate DS-values (± 0.10 in most cases) if H-content determinations are within ± 0.1

Bi-acylation of cellulose: determining the relative reactivities of the acetyl and fatty-acyl moieties

The global reaction between acetic anhydride and a fatty acid yields, at equilibrium, an asymmetric acetic-aliphatic anhydride in a medium containing finally: acetic-fatty anhydride, acetic anhydride, fatty acid, acetic acid and fatty anhydride. No solvent or catalyst was used to evaluate the impact of the actual reactivity of the anhydrides. The competition between the formation of acetyl and fatty acyl ester functions was evaluated by determining the ratio of acetyl/fatty acyl groups grafted on solid cellulose. The influence of temperature, reaction time, and length of fatty chain on the total degree of substitution and on the ratio of acetyl/fatty acyl ester functions was investigated. For the first time, a correlation has been established between esterification and the length of the aliphatic chain of the fatty acid. Reactivity of the medium decreased with the number of carbons in the fatty acid, raised to the power 2.37

Entanglement between total intensity and polarization for pairs of coherent states

We examine entanglement between number and polarization, or between number and relative phase, for pairs of coherent states and two-mode squeezed vacuum via linear entropy and covariance criteria. We consider the embedding of the two-mode Hilbert space in a larger space to get a well-defined factorization of the number-phase variables. This can be regarded as a kind of proto-entanglement that can be extracted and converted into real particle entanglement via feasible experimental procedures. In particular this reveals interesting entanglement properties of pairs of coherent states.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Proyecto de creación de una planta productora y procesadora de leche de soya para su comercialización en Guayaquil

ALIMENCORP S.A., es una empresa dedicada a la fabricación y venta de leche de soya “SOYALISTA” en presentaciones de medio litro y un litro. La venta está dirigida a los grupos de familias cuyos ingresos superen los $500 mensuales dentro del área urbana de la ciudad de Guayaquil. El tamaño del mercado es de$ 1’985,108.58 con una participación inicial del 0.5%. Se espera que con una inversión de $ 59,000, esta se pueda recuperar al cabo de 3.02 años

Post-harvest tomato plants and urban food wastes for manufacturing plastic films

Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) was compounded with 2-10% post-harvest tomato (PHT) plant powder and processed by single-screw extrusion to yield composite films. Upon increasing the filler content, the values of the mechanical properties indicators were found to decrease as follows: Young's modulus from 1797 to 750 MPa, stress at yield from 36 to 15 MPa, maximal stress from 39 to 15 MPa, stress at break from 35 to 14 MPa, and strain at break from 6.6 to 4.3%. The results are discussed in comparison with other composite films containing poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) and water soluble biopolymers obtained by alkaline hydrolysis of fermented municipal biowastes, and with other commercial materials, such as starch based and low density polyethylene mulch films. Depending on the intended application, the post-harvest tomato blend films may be competitive for cost, performance and sustainability

Industrial microalgae: do not shoot ahead!

Industrial microalgae: do not shoot ahead

Estudio de un caso de marca sostenible: 198. La RSC como estrategia de valor de marca

Estudio de caso de la marca Uno Nueve Ocho, autodefinida como sostenible y con una fuerte política de RSC que busca respetar al medio ambiente así como a los trabajadores, con quienes interactúan durante todo el proceso. El objetivo del estudio es valorar la coherencia de una marca autodefinida como responsable con el discurso de su comunicación de marca (web, blog...) y el discurso de la dirección empresarial.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Persistencia de vena cava superior izquierda: ¿marcador ecocardiográfico de malformaciones fetales cardiacas y extra-cardiacas

Introduction: Persistentleft upper vena cava (VSIP) is the most common congenital vascular malformation, observed in 0.3% of autopsies in the general population and 4-8 % of patients with congenital heart disease. During early embryological development the venous return of the head and arms normally drains into the right atrium by the left and right upper cardinal veins. Objective: Relate the Persistence of Vena Cava Superior Left (VCSIP) diagnosed by fetal echocardiographic study, with the presence of intraandal abnormalities. Methodology: A descriptive, retrospective study is carried out in 75 cases obtained from the database of the Department of Perinatal Medicine of the Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid –Spain), during the period between 2006 -2017 with prenatal diagnosis of (VCSIP). Echocardiographic studies at 32 amniocentesis and 2 chorionic rate biopsies are performed onall 75 patients and, whether or not, related to congenital cardiac abnormalities and extracardiac defects are established. Statistical analysis is performed using the STATA program. Result: 75 fetuses diagnosed with VcSIP were ultrasoundd, with an averagegestational age at diagnosis of 26.6 weeks (DE: 5.87; IC: 95%). In 14 patients (18.67%) no malformations were detected; 27 patients (36%) cardiac abnormalities were evident; 15 patients (20%), had extra cardiac malformations and 19 patients (25.33%), had extra and intracardiac malformations. Conclusions: Prenatal ultrasound has a major impact for early diagnosisof anatomical effects and variations such as the upper left vena cava. Diagnosis of this alteration requires desperation and monitoring of other associated foetal abnormalities, whether intra and extra-cardiac. With good prenatal ultrasound screening it would not be imperative to indicate to patients with isolated VcSIP an invasive prenatal test.Introducción:Lavena cava superior izquierda persistente(VCSIP) es la malformación vascular congénita más frecuente, observada en el 0.3% de autopsias en la población general y en el 4 -8 % de pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas. Durante el desarrollo embriológico temprano el retorno venoso de la cabeza y los brazos normalmente drena en la aurícula derecha por las venas cardinales anteriores izquierda y derecha. Objetivo: Relacionar la Persistencia de Vena Cava Superior Izquierda (VCSIP) diagnosticada por estudio ecocardiográfico fetal, con la presencia de anomalías intra y extracardiacas. Metodología: Se realiza un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en 75 casos obtenidos de la base de datos del departamento de Medicina Perinatal del Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid –España), durante el periodo comprendido entre 2006 -2017 con diagnóstico prenatal de (VCSIP). A los 75 pacientes se realiza estudio ecocardiográfico, a 32 amniocentesis y a 2 biopsia de velocidades coriónicas y, se establece su relación o no, con anomalías congénitas cardiacas y extracardiacas. El análisis estadístico se realiza mediante el programa STATA. Resultados: Se analizaron ecográficamente 75 fetos con diagnóstico de VCSIP, con una media de edad gestacional al diagnóstico de 26,6 semanas (DE:5,87; IC: 95%). En 14 pacientes (18.67%)no se detectaron malformaciones; en 27 pacientes (36%) se evidenciaron alteraciones cardiacas; 15 pacientes (20%), presentaron malformaciones extra cardiacas y 19 pacientes (25.33%), presentaron malformaciones extra e intracardiacas. Conclusiones: La ecografía prenatal tiene un gran impacto para el diagnóstico temprano de afectaciones y variaciones anatómicas como la vena cava superior izquierda. El diagnóstico de esta alteración obliga a realizar despistaje y seguimiento de otras anomalías fetales asociadas ya sean intra y extra-cardiacas. Con un buen screening ecográfico prenatal no sería imperativo indicar a los pacientes con VCSIP aislada una prueba invasiva prenatal