Early Detection and Recognition of Children with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hiperactivity Disorder) Symptoms

Aim of this study was to determine the probability of occurrence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder- ADHD in children of preschool age and early school age, and to identify differences in the assessment of children identified with high probability for the disorder with regard to assessment by parents and teachers, and with respect on age and sex of children. Total of 107 children were included in the study: 51 girls and 56 boys. The study employed two questionnaires: Questionnaire for Analysis at School for teachers and Questionnaire for Analysis at Home for parents. Both questionnaires contained 39 statements which covered three dimensions of child’s behavior needed for ADHD diagnosis. Raw data in each questionnaire were converted according to the standard norms of Guide to Standard Scores (SS) and Total Standard Scores (TSS) and as such were used for statistical analysis. It was found that a considerable number of children demonstrated high probability for ADHD disorder in assessments done by both parents and teachers. Parents recognize probability of ADHD presence more frequently among male children, while teachers recognize this probability more often among female children. Research shows that a significant percentage of children from the entire sample have been labeled with significant ADHD symptoms. Given the age of the child both parents and teachers recognize similar levels of high ADHD probability. Future studies should be directed toward early detection and recognition of children with ADHD syndrome, and clinical evaluation as a first step toward successful treatment and prevention of additional psychological and other problems in an adult

Early Detection and Recognition of Children with ADHD (Attention Deficit Hiperactivity Disorder) Symptoms

Aim of this study was to determine the probability of occurrence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder- ADHD in children of preschool age and early school age, and to identify differences in the assessment of children identified with high probability for the disorder with regard to assessment by parents and teachers, and with respect on age and sex of children. Total of 107 children were included in the study: 51 girls and 56 boys. The study employed two questionnaires: Questionnaire for Analysis at School for teachers and Questionnaire for Analysis at Home for parents. Both questionnaires contained 39 statements which covered three dimensions of child’s behavior needed for ADHD diagnosis. Raw data in each questionnaire were converted according to the standard norms of Guide to Standard Scores (SS) and Total Standard Scores (TSS) and as such were used for statistical analysis. It was found that a considerable number of children demonstrated high probability for ADHD disorder in assessments done by both parents and teachers. Parents recognize probability of ADHD presence more frequently among male children, while teachers recognize this probability more often among female children. Research shows that a significant percentage of children from the entire sample have been labeled with significant ADHD symptoms. Given the age of the child both parents and teachers recognize similar levels of high ADHD probability. Future studies should be directed toward early detection and recognition of children with ADHD syndrome, and clinical evaluation as a first step toward successful treatment and prevention of additional psychological and other problems in an adult

Loss of TSC complex enhances gluconeogenesis via upregulation of Dlk1-Dio3 locus miRNAs

Loss of the tumor suppressor tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) in the liver promotes gluconeogenesis and glucose intolerance. We asked whether this could be attributed to aberrant expression of small RNAs. We performed small-RNA sequencing on liver of Tsc1-knockout mice, and found that miRNAs of the delta-like homolog 1 (Dlk1)-deiodinase iodothyronine type III (Dio3) locus are up-regulated in an mTORC1-dependent manner. Sustained mTORC1 signaling during development prevented CpG methylation and silencing of the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, thereby increasing miRNA transcription. Deletion of miRNAs encoded by the Dlk1-Dio3 locus reduced gluconeogenesis, glucose intolerance, and fasting blood glucose levels. Thus, miRNAs contribute to the metabolic effects observed upon loss of TSC1 and hyperactivation of mTORC1 in the liver. Furthermore, we show that miRNA is a downstream effector of hyperactive mTORC1 signaling

Ethanol/Naltrexone Interactions at the mu-Opioid Receptor. CLSM/FCS Study in Live Cells

BACKGROUND: Alcoholism is a widespread chronic disorder of complex aetiology with a significant negative impact on the individual and the society. Mechanisms of ethanol action are not sufficiently well understood at the molecular level and the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism is still in its infancy. Our study focuses at the cellular and molecular level on ethanol-induced effects that are mediated through the micro-opioid receptor (MOP) and on the effects of naltrexone, a well-known antagonist at MOP that is used clinically to prevent relapse in alcoholism. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Advanced fluorescence imaging by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) are used to study ethanol effects on MOP and plasma membrane lipid dynamics in live PC12 cells. We observed that relevant concentrations of ethanol (10-40 mM) alter MOP mobility and surface density, and affect the dynamics of plasma membrane lipids. Compared to the action of specific ligands at MOP, ethanol-induced effects show complex kinetics and point to a biphasic underlying mechanism. Pretreatment with naloxone or naltrexone considerably mitigates the effects of ethanol. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We suggest that ethanol acts by affecting the sorting of MOP at the plasma membrane of PC12 cells. Naltrexone exerts opposite effects on MOP sorting at the plasma membrane, thereby countering the effects of ethanol. Our experimental findings give new insight on MOP-mediated ethanol action at the cellular and molecular level. We suggest a new hypothesis to explain the well established ethanol-induced increase in the activity of the endogenous opioid system

Uspostavljanje programa selektivnog uzgoja kalifornijske pastrmke (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) u Srbiji

Zahtev za sve većim količinama hrane za ljudsku upotrebu, efikasnost iskorišćavanja hraniva i prostora za gajenje domaćih životinja, kao i pojava mnogih bolesti doveli su do intenzivnog razvijanja selekcionih programa u svim granama poljoprivrede. Za razliku od ostalih gajenih životinja, programi selekcije u akvakulturi su se razvili nešto kasnije usled nedostatka potrebnih procena heritabilnosti, koeficijenata varijacija i korelacija za ekonomski bitne osobine. Trenutno se u akvakulturi samo 1-2% od ukupne proizvodnje zasniva na genetički unapređenim vrstama riba (Gjedrem, 1997). Korišćenjem selektovanih linija riba postiže se više korisnih stvari. Na prvom mestu, programi selekcije riba predstavljaju jedini način stalnog unapređenja ekonomski bitnih osobina kao sto su prirast, konverzija hrane, otpornost na bolesti, smanjenje masnoće u mesu riba. Ribe iz selektovanih linija efikasnije iskorišćavaju hraniva i na taj način smanjuju pritisak na divlje populacije riba koje se koriste za proizvodnju ribljeg brašna, kao glavnog izvora proteina u smešama za ishranu pastrmki. Ribe koje potiču iz divljine ne napreduju zadovoljavajućim brzinom, što znači da su konstantno pod stresom, za razliku od riba poreklom iz selekcionih programa koje pokazuju manji uticaj stresa usled gajenja u zarobljeništvu. Tako se na ovaj način korišćenjem selektovanih linija riba postiže efikasna i održiva proizvodnja uz vođenje računa o dobrobiti životinja. Drugi dobar razlog za uspostavljanje programa selekcije pastrmke u Srbiji je dobro dokumentovano postojanje interakcije genotip x okolina kod kalifornijske pastrmke, kao što su pokazala istraživanja (McKay et al., 1984; Hanke et al., 1989; Sylven et al., 1991; Winkelman and Peterson, 1994; Kettunen et al., 1999; Kause et al., 2003). Na kraju, ali ne i najmanje važna je i kontrola bolesti kod kalifornijske pastrmke i mogućnost stvaranja otpornih linija pastrmki na neke bolesti putem selektivnog uzgoja (Henrion, 2005). Jedno od rešenja za ovaj ozbiljan problem, pored boljeg sistema kontrole pastrmske ikre poreklom iz uvoza, je i stvaranje lokalnih selektovanih matičnih jata sa proverenim poreklom i povećenom otpornošću na bolesti. Obzirom da za kalifornijsku pastrmku postoje pouzdani podaci o varijabilnosti i heritabilnosti proizvodnih osobina ovo pruža mogućnost efikasne selekcije, a samom tim i značajnog unapređenja proizvodnje uz smanjen ukupni mortalitet, putem odgovarajućeg programa selekcije u Srbiji

Visoko obrazovanje za akvakulturu/ribarstvo na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu: implementacija prve “bolonjske” reforme – povezivanje teorije i prakse

U radu je opisana implementacija reforme visokog obrazovanja za Ribarstvo/Akvakulturu na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu Univerziteta u Beogradu. Proces stvaranja novih kurseva vezanih za vodene ekosisteme, njihovu zaštitu i eksploataciju i definisanje kompetencija studenata za akvakulturu na svim nivoima visokog obrazovanja (osnovne, diplomske, specijalističke i doktorske studije) omogućen je unapređenjem obrazovnih i istraživačkih objekata i sredstava, kao i bliskom komunikacijom sa proizvođačima ribe i ostalim interesnim grupama vezanim za gajenje riba

Uticaj količina hrane na prirast šaranske mlađi u tankovima

Šaran se gaji u sva tri sistema: ekstenzivni, poluintenzivni i intenzivni. Za razliku od ekstenzivnog gde je prirast ribe isključivo zavistan od prirodne hrane, poluintenzivni i intenzivan sistem gajenja riba su bazirani na delimičnoj, odnosno potpunoj zavisnosti od dodatne hrane. Kako tokom sezone gajenja, prirodna hrana u ribnjacima sa poluintenzivnim sistemom ima veoma izražen sezonalni karakter, u periodu sa optimalnim temperaturama za rast šarana (od sredine juna pa do kraja avgusta) prirast je u najvećoj meri zavistan od vrste i količine dodatne hrane. Sa ekonomskog, ali i ekološkog aspekta važno je obezbediti hranu koja će rezultirati niskim koeficijentom konverzije, visokim tempom rasta, dobrim zdravstvenim stanjem gajenih riba, visokim kvalitetom finalnog proizvoda, tj. ribljeg mesa i što manjim opterećenjem vodene sredine organskim materijama, fosforom i azotom. Od velike važnosti je i obezbeđivanje adekvatne količine dodatne hrane, odnosno ne dozvoliti da količina hrane bude manja od potreba gajene ribe, ali i ne preterati sa količinom koja od strane riba neće biti racionaln iskorišćena i time smanjiti profitabilnost gajenja riba. U cilju određivanja optimalnog procenta hrane u odnosu na ihtiomasu gajene mlađi šarana urađen je ovaj rad. Eksperiment je realizovan u Centru za ribarstvo i primenjenu hidrobiologiju, Poljoprivrednog fakulteta, Univerziteta u Beogradu tokom 90 dana. Za prihranu šaranske mlađi korišćena je ekstrudirana hrana sa 38% proteina i 8% masti proizvođača Vetrinarski zavod «Subotica», veličine peleta 2 mm. Eksperiment je realizovan u 4 tretmana sa po 3 ponavljanja. Tretmani su se razlikovali po procentualnom učešću količine hrane u odnosu na ihtiomasu u tanku na početku svakog tridesetodnevnog perioda. U prvom tretmanu je dnevni obrok riba 2%, u drugom 3%, u trećem 4%, dok su ribe u tretmanu četiri hranjene sa 5% hrane u odnosu na ihtiomasu. U svaki od 12 nezavisnih tankova nakon perioda adaptacije, nasađeno je po 40 jedinki šarana, prosečne mase 6,41 do 6,47 g. Hranjenje riba je obavljano svakodnevno upotrebom hranilica sa trakom. Na osnovu prosečnih masa riba po periodima i na kraju eksperimenta, statističkom analizom je ustanovljeno da postoje vrlo značajne razlike u prirastu u zavisnosti od dnevnog obroka. Ribe hranjene sa 5% hrane u odnosu na ihtiomasu ostvarivale su statistički značajno veći prirast u odnosu na ribe hranjene sa 2, 3 i 4% hrane. Korišćenjem ovog rezultata se otklanja dilema koja je količina hrane za prihranu gajene šaranske mlađi optimalna tokom gajenja šaranske mlađi u prvoj godini. Pored najboljeg prirasta, šaranska mlađ hranjena sa 5% hrane je imala i najbolji faktor kondicije, specifičnu stopu rasta, kao i termalni koeficijent rasta. U odnosu na ribe hranjene sa 3 i 4% hrane, mlađ hranjena sa 5% je imala nešto veći koeficijent konverzije (za oko 10%), međutim imajući u vidu značajnu razliku u prirastu između svake od 4 hrane, ovo povećanje koeficijenta konverzije je ekonomski opravdano

Larve chironomus plumosus (diptera, insecta) izvor esencijalnih masnih kiselina za ishranu šaranske mlađi

U cilju ispitivanja koliko su larve Chironomus plumosus-a pogodne za ishranu gajenih slatkovodnih riba, pre svega šarana, ižvršena je analiza hemijskog i masnokiselinskog sastava larvi koje su prikupljene na kraju tromesečnog perioda gajenja šaranske mlađi u dva eksperimentalna ribnjačka bazena u Centru za ribarstvo i primenjenu hidrobiologiju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. Udeo sirovih proteina u larvama Chironomus plumosus-a iznosio je 6,61 u jezeru L1 odnosno 6,18% u jezeru L2, što predstavlja vrednost adekvatnu za rast svih slatkovodnih vrsta riba. Sadržaj lipida bio je 0,49 odnosno 0,73%, što je energetski povoljno za sve ribe koje žive u toplim vodama. Prirodnu hranu (larve Chironomus plumosus) karakteriše i visok sadržaj vode: 88,95 u L1 i 89,62% u L2, a što ih čini pogodnom za ishranu šaranske malađi. Lipidnu frakciju larvi Chironomidae u jezeru L1 je činilo 45.36% zasićenih i 53.96 nezasićenih masnih kiselina. U lipidnoj frakciji larvi Chironomidae iz jezera L2 nađeno je 53.47% zasićenih i 46.42% nezasićenih masnih kiselina. Od polinezasićenih (esencijalnih) masnih kiselina nađenih u hironomidama u jezeru L1, najveći deo je pripadao ω-6 linolnoj kiselini (21,37%), zatim ω-3 linolenskoj (3,21%) i eikozopentanskoj ω-3 kiselini (1,27%). Sadržaj linolne kiseline u larvama Chironomidae iz jezera L2 je bio niži i iznosio je 9,78%, eikozopentanska ω-3 kiselina je zastupljena sa 0,45%, a sadržaj linoleinske kiseline je bio viši i iznosio 7,78%. Nedostatak PUFA sa 22 C atoma je verovatno povezan sa slabom enzimatskom sposobnošću larvi Chironomidae za sintezu ovih kiselna iz njihovih prekursora PUFA sa 18 C atoma. Izmerena količina ω-3 i ω-6 masnih kiselina u larvama Chironomus plumosus je iznosila 0,21 u L1, a u jezeru L2 0,81, zadovoljava nutritivne zahteve šarana

Factors Predicting Fear of Falling Avoidance Behavior in Parkinsonisms

Background: Fear of falling avoidance behavior (FFAB) is common in parkinsonisms and results in potentially mitigable downstream consequences. Objective: Determine the characteristics of individuals with parkinsonisms most associated with FFAB. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from medical records data of 142 patients with parkinsonisms. These data included: demographics (age, sex), disease characteristics (Movement Disorders Society – Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III), years since diagnosis), fall history (number of fall injuries in previous year), and gait and balance function (five times sit to stand, MiniBESTest, Timed Up and Go (TUG), dual-task TUG, ten-meter walk test (10MWT), observed freezing of gait (FOG) (MDS-UPDRS III item 11)). Results: 10MWT (p \u3c .001) and MDS-UPDRS III item 11 (p \u3c .014) were significantly associated with FFAB above and beyond disease severity, which also contributed significantly to the overall model (ps \u3c .046). Fall history was not associated with FFAB. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the largest portion of variability in FFAB is explained by gait velocity and FOG; however, disease severity also explains a significant portion of the variability of FFAB. Further investigation into factors predictive of FFAB and mitigation of downstream consequences, using more robust designs, is warranted