End-of-waste criteria for waste paper: Technical proposals

This report presents proposals of end-of-waste (EoW) criteria for waste paper, defining the technical requirements that waste paper has to fulfil in order to cease to be waste in the EU. The report includes the background data and assessments used to support the proposals, including a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of waste paper recycling, and analyses of the potential economic, environmental and legal impacts when waste paper ceases to be waste. This report is a contribution to the implementation of the concept of End-of-waste in EU legislation, a mechanism introduced through Article 6 of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC). The Directive introduces the possibility that certain waste streams having undergone a recovery operation and fulfilling certain criteria – so-called End-of-waste criteria – can cease to be waste. The criteria have to ensure that the waste streams fulfil a number of conditions, including the existence of a commonly used specific applications, existence of a market or a demand, fulfilment of technical requirements for the specific applications, meeting existing legislation and standards applicable to the products the waste streams substitute; and the absence of any overall adverse environmental or human health impacts.JRC.DDG.J.6-Sustainable production and consumptio

End-of-waste Criteria for Copper and Copper Alloy Scrap: Technical Proposals

This report is the JRC-IPTS contribution to the development of the end-of-waste criteria for copper and copper alloy scrap in accordance with Article 6 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (the Waste Framework Directive). This report includes a possible set of end-of-waste criteria and shows how the proposals were developed based on a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of copper and copper alloy recycling and an analysis of the economic, environmental and legal impacts when copper scrap cease to be wastes. The purpose of end-of-waste criteria is to avoid confusion about the waste definition and to clarify when certain waste that has undergone recovery ceases to be waste. Recycling should be supported by creating legal certainty and an equal level playing field and by removing unnecessary administrative burdens. The end-of-waste criteria should provide a high level of environmental protection and an environmental and economic benefit.JRC.DDG.J.6-Sustainable production and consumptio

End-of-waste criteria for waste plastic for conversion. Technical proposals.

This report is the JRC-IPTS contribution to the development of the end-of-waste criteria for waste plastic in accordance with Article 6 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (the Waste Framework Directive). This report includes a possible set of end-of-waste criteria and shows how the proposals were developed based on a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of the waste plastic production chain and an analysis of the economic, environmental and legal impacts when such waste plastic ceases to be waste. The purpose of end-of-waste criteria is to avoid confusion about the waste definition and to clarify when certain waste that has undergone recovery ceases to be waste. Recycling should be supported by creating legal certainty and an equal level playing field compared to virgin material production, and by removing unnecessary administrative burdens. The end-of-waste criteria are defined as to provide a high level of environmental protection and an environmental and economic benefit to the recycling chain of the material under study.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

End-of-Waste Criteria for Glass Cullet: Technical Proposals

This report is the JRC-IPTS contribution to the development of the end-of-waste criteria for glass cullet in accordance with Article 6 of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste (the Waste Framework Directive). This report includes a possible set of end-of-waste criteria and shows how the proposals were developed based on a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of glass recycling and an analysis of the economic, environmental and legal impacts when glass cullet ceases to be waste. The purpose of end-of-waste criteria is to avoid confusion about the waste definition and to clarify when certain waste that has undergone recovery ceases to be waste. Recycling should be supported by creating legal certainty and an equal level playing field and by removing unnecessary administrative burdens. The end-of-waste criteria should provide a high level of environmental protection and an environmental and economic benefit.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Follow-up study of the preparatory study for Ecodesign and Energy Label for household washing machines and household washer dryers

Starting in 2014, the Commission has undertaken a review study of the two household washing machines regulations and the Energy Label Directive for household washer-dryers. The conclusions of this study are updated in this report and will be presented to stakeholders at the meeting of the Consultation Forum established under Article 18 of the Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC, to be held 23rd November 2017. In addition, this report includes the explanations and rationale that underpin the changes proposed in the both regulations as well as of most of the alternatives proposed during the review study.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

Global Resources Use and Pollution:Vol. I, Production, Consumption and Trade (1995-2008)

In the recent decades, the increase in the world population, the economic expansion and the globalization of the economy have led to a dramatic growth in the use of some natural resources and in the levels of pollution. These trends have coincided with a growing concern about some critical questions for the future of humankind such as resource scarcity and depletion, climate change, environmental degradation, the limits of growth or the inequalities in the access to natural resources across countries. In this context arises the need to develop a comprehensive dataset of reliable and comparable economic and environmental information that contributes to a better understanding of the complexity of these issues, and supporting evidence-based policy-making. In order to comply with this need, this Pocketbook presents a series of indicators describing the evolution of the use of natural resources and the emission of air pollutants around the world, in relation to production, consumption and trade activities. Based on different analysis derived from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD), this publication includes information on 6 environmental dimensions: land use, material extraction, water use, and emission of acid substances, greenhouse gases and ozone precursors. The time frame covered is the period between 1995 and 2008, and the geographical scope includes the EU-27 Member States, Brazil, China, India, Japan, Russia, the United States of America and the Rest of the World.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

End-of-Waste Criteria

The report includes a methodology for the development of end-of-waste criteria for specific types of waste according to Article 6 of the Waste Framework Directive as well as three pilot case studies (on compost, aggregates and metal scrap) in which the methodology was tested.JRC.J.6-Sustainable production and consumptio

Ecodesign and Energy Label for Household Dishwashers

European Commission launched in 2014 the revision of the ecodesign and energy-/resource label implementing measures for the product group 'household dishwashers (DW)'. The revision study follows the Commission’s Methodology for the Evaluation of Energy related Products (MEErP) and includes sections related to the scope and definition market analysis, analysis of user behaviour and system aspects, analysis of technologies, environmental and economics, design options and policy analysis and scenarios.This research was based on available scientific information and data, uses a life-cycle thinking approach, and has engaged stakeholder experts in order to discuss key issues, and to the extent possible reach consensus on the proposals The outcomes of this study provides policy makers with the evidence basis for assessing whether and how to revise the existing Regulations.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

Ecodesign and Energy Label for Household Washing machines and washer dryers

The European Commission launched in 2014 the revision of the ecodesign and energy-/resource label implementing measures for the product group 'household washing machines and household washer dryers (WM-WD)'. The revision study follows the Commission’s Methodology for the Evaluation of Energy related Products (MEErP) consisting of: Scope definition, standard methods and legislation, Market analysis, Analysis of user behaviour and system aspects, Analysis of technologies, Environmental and economics, Design options and Policy analysis and scenarios The comprehensive analysis of the product group following the steps above will feed as research evidence basis into the revision of the existing Energy Label Regulation (EC) 1060/2010 and the Ecodesign Regulation (EC) 1015/2010 on household washing machines. The research is based on available scientific information and data, uses a life-cycle thinking approach, and has engaged stakeholder experts in order to discuss key issues, and to the extent possible reach consensus on the proposals.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

Macroeconomic Effects of EU Energy Efficiency Regulations on Household Dishwashers, Washing Machines and Washer Dryers

Testing the relationship between economic performance and energy consumption is of utmost importance in nearly all countries. Taking the European Union as scope, this paper analyses the impacts of energy efficiency legislation on a selection of household appliances. In particular, it analyses the employment and value added impacts of the stricter energy efficiency requirements for dishwashers, washing machines, and washer dryers. To do so, this paper combines a bottom-up stock model with a macro-econometric dynamic general equilibrium model (FIDELIO) to quantify the direct and indirect value added and employment impacts in the European Union. The analysis shows that stricter energy efficiency requirements on household dishwashers, washing machines, and washer dryers have a net negative macroeconomic impact on value added (roughly 0.01 % of the total European Union value added) and a slightly net positive impact on employment. In fact, the regulations cause a shift in the composition of the household consumption basket that seems to favor labor-intensive industries.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi