Forest management criteria for 12 species of Tropical Native Forests of Bolivia based on dendrochronological methods

En este estudio se presenta información sobre las tasas de incremento radial, los Turnos Biológicos de Corte (TBC), los Periodos y DiámetrosÓptimos de Corte (POC y DOC) para 12 especies forestales procedentes del Cerrado Boliviano. Los resultados de este estudio fueron comparadoscon las pautas de manejo establecidas por la Ley Forestal de Bolivia y las resultantes de la propuesta GOL (Growth?Oriented Logging). La mayoríade las especies estudiadas requieren edades superiores a los 100 años para alcanzar los TBC. Existen especies como Anadenanthera colubrina(Vell. Conc.) Benth que logran el DOC a los 34 cm y otras como Hymenaea courbaril L, a los 72 cm de diámetro. Las especies de mayor crecimientoalcanzan el POC a edades no menores a los 62 años mientras las de lento crecimiento necesitan más de 95 años. Los tiempos necesarios que requierenlas especies para alcanzar un determinado diámetro son mucho mayores a los establecidos por la Ley Forestal. Estos resultados enfatizanla necesidad de adecuar las pautas de manejo forestal establecidas en Bolivia en base a los incrementos reales en el crecimiento de las especiesforestales del Cerrado Boliviano.In this study, we present information on growth rates, Biological Cutting Cycles (BCC), Optimum Cutting Diameters (OCD) and Optimum Cutting Periods (OCP) for 12 forest species from the Cerrado Boliviano. The results of this study were compared with those from the management guidelines established by the Bolivia's Forestry Law and from the GOL (Growth Oriented Logging) practices. Most species require more than 100 years to reach the BCC. There are species like Anadenanthera colubrina that achieves the OCD at 34 cm diameter whereas others such as Hymenaea courbaril reaches the OCD at 72 cm in diameter. The fast-growing species reach OCP at ages above 62 years, whereas slow-growing species need over 95 years. Most species require more years to reach a certain diameter than those established by the Bolivian Forestry Law. These results emphasize the need to adapt the Bolivia forest management guidelines to practices based on the actual growth rates in tropical species in the Cerrado Boliviano.Fil: Lopez Callejas, Lidio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

Interannual and long-term precipitation variability along the subtropical mountains and adjacent Chaco (22–29° S) in Argentina

Recent studies documenting climate variability in South America have provided valuable information for understanding current and past dynamics of the climate system. Long meteorological records represent an essential tool to properly characterize climate fluctuations from decadal to multi-decadal scales. Unfortunately, the scarcity of continuous and homogeneous instrumental records is a major constraint to determine long-term variations in South America. Our knowledge of the forcings modulating the hydrological variability in mountains is still limited, despite their importance as freshwater sources for people living in the adjacent piedmonts and lowlands. The objective of this work is to determine the spatial–temporal variability of precipitation in the humid subtropical Andes and the Chaco region in North Western Argentina (NWA). Thirty-four rainfall records covering the common period 1934–1990, partially updated to 2016, were used to extend and identify the dominant patterns of seasonal to annual hydroclimatic variability based on principal components analysis. Intensity and frequency of droughts and pluvials (95th percentiles, respectively) were determined for the dominant patterns of variability. Our results show a positive trend in precipitation since 1970s in all temporal patterns and sub-regions. In addition, precipitation variability (both positive and negative extremes) increases during these last decades. Correlation analysis with sea-surface temperatures and wind anomalies during summer, reveal Amazon moisture sources and large-scale oceanic controls on NWA precipitation. The extended precipitation series shows that the frequency of pluvials has increased since the 1970s interrupted by few extreme droughts. This record can be considered representative of precipitation variations across NWA, including different environments in the Chaco, sub-Andes, and Puna.Fil: Ferrero, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

Reported adverse events during out-of-hospital mechanical ventilation and ventilatory support in emergency medical services and critical care transport crews: a systematic review

BackgroundEmergency medical services (EMS) and critical care transport crews constantly face critically-ill patients who need ventilatory support in scenarios where correct interventions can be the difference between life and death; furthermore, challenges like limited staff working on the patient and restricted spaces are often present. Due to these, mechanical ventilation (MV) can be a support by liberating staff from managing the airway and allowing them to focus on other areas; however, these patients face many complications that personnel must be aware of.AimsTo establish the main complications related to out-of-hospital MV and ventilatory support through a systematic review.MethodologyPubMed, BVS and Scopus were searched from inception to July 2021, following the PRISMA guidelines; search strategy and protocol were registered in PROSPERO. Two authors carried out an independent analysis of the articles; any disagreement was solved by mutual consensus, and data was extracted on a pre-determined spreadsheet. Only original articles were included, and risk of bias was assessed with quality assessment tools from the National Institutes of Health.ResultsThe literature search yielded a total of 2,260 articles, of which 26 were included in the systematic review, with a total of 9,418 patients with out-of-hospital MV; 56.1% were male, and the age ranged from 18 to 82 years. In general terms of aetiology, 12.2% of ventilatory problems were traumatic in origin, and 64.8% were non-traumatic, with slight changes between out-of-hospital settings. Mechanical ventilation was performed 49.2% of the time in prehospital settings and 50.8% of the time in interfacility transport settings (IFTS). Invasive mechanical ventilation was used 98.8% of the time in IFTS while non-invasive ventilation was used 96.7% of the time in prehospital settings. Reporting of adverse events occurred in 9.1% of cases, of which 94.4% were critical events, mainly pneumothorax in 33.1% of cases and hypotension in 27.6% of cases, with important considerations between type of out-of-hospital setting and ventilatory mode; total mortality was 8.4%.ConclusionReported adverse events of out-of-hospital mechanical ventilation vary between settings and ventilatory modes; this knowledge could aid EMS providers in promptly recognizing and resolving such clinical situations, depending on the type of scenario being faced

Contenido

Contenid

Agradecimientos

Agradecimiento