INSEMINAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM ÉGUAS COM SÊMEN "IN NATURA" E DILUÍDO

Na pesquisa objetivou-se comparar a eficiência reprodutiva de dois métodos distintos de Inseminação Artificial (IA), através de espéculo de Polansky e condução manual de pipeta, com diferentes características de sêmen ("in natura" e diluído). Foram utilizadas 302 éguas da raça Crioula, com idades variando entre 3 e 14 anos, oriundas de propriedades da região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais: A - aqueles que foram inseminados com sêmen "in natura" (n=160); através da técnica com espéculo de Polansky (n=80) e pipeta orientada manualmente (n=80); B - animais inseminados com sêmen diluído (n=142). O acompanhamento do ciclo estral foi realizado através de ultrassonagrafia e palpação retal bem como o diagnóstico de gestação que foi realizado entre os dias 16-45 pós-ovulação. A eficiência reprodutiva das duas técnicas de inseminação (Polansky e Manual) foi de 76,2% e 75% respectivamente, não diferindo significativamente entre si, bem como a eficiência reprodutiva dos resultados da inseminação com sêmen diluído e "in natura" foram 74,3% e 75,5% respectivamente. Artificial insemination in mares with in natura and diluted semen Abstract With the aim to compare the reproductive efficiency of two different methods for articial insemination, namely through the Polanskyís speculum and by a manual directed pipette, with semen either îin naturaî or diluted, 302 mares of the Creole race, ageing from 3 to 14 years, all of them belonging to properties from the Metropolitan Area of Curitiba, were used divided in two experimental groups: A ñ those that would be inseminated with semen ìin naturaî (n=160), being 80 with Polanskyís spectrum and 80 by means of a manual directed pipette; B ñ animals inseminated with diluted semen (n=142). The following up of the estral cycle was accomplished by means of ultrasonography and rectal palpation as well as the gestation diagnosis, which was accomplished at 16 to 45 days after the ovulation. The reproductive efficiency of the two insemination techniques (Polansky and Manual) was 76,25% and 75%, respectively, not differing significantly between each other. The reproductive efficiency of the results of the insemination with diluted semen and ìin naturaî was 74,3% and 75,5%, respectively

Biomass smoke COPD has less tomographic abnormalities but worse hypoxemia compared with tobacco COPD

Special attention has emerged towards biomass smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), providing new knowledge for prevention and therapeutic approach of non-smoker COPD patients. However, the understanding of biomass smoke COPD is still limited and somewhat controversial. The aim of the present study was to compare COPD exclusively caused by tobacco smoking with COPD exclusively caused by environmental or occupational exposures. For this cross-sectional study, COPD patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and formed two groups: non-smoker COPD group (n=16) with exposure to biomass smoke who did not smoke cigarette and tobacco smoker COPD group (n=15) with people who did not report biomass smoke exposure. Subjects underwent pulmonary function tests, thoracic high-resolution computed tomography, 6-min walk test, and sputum induction. The non-smoker COPD group had biomass smoke exposure of 133.3±86 hour-years. The tobacco COPD group smoked 48.5±27.4 pack-years. Women were 62.5 and 66.7%, respectively, of non-smokers and smokers. The non-smoker COPD group showed higher prevalence of dyspnea, lower arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2%) with similar spirometry results, lung volumes, and diffusion capacity. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, differences were detected in sputum number of lymphomononuclear cells and in sputum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 with higher values in the smoker group. Emphysema was more prevalent in the tobacco smoker group, which also showed higher relative bronchial wall thickness and lower lung density by quantitative analysis. Biomass smoke induced more hypoxemia compared to tobacco in COPD patients with similar severity