Lixiviação de sais de um solo ácido tratado com lama de cal proveniente de indústria de papel.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação em superfície de lama de cal sobre a composição química da solução percolada de amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro álico, textura argilosa, da região de Mogi-Guaçú, SP

Spin-Charge Separation and the Pauli Electron

The separation between the spin and the charge converts the quantum mechanical Pauli Hamiltonian into the Hamiltonian of the non-Abelian Georgi-Glashow model, notorious for its magnetic monopoles and confinement. The independent spin and charge fluctuations both lead to the Faddeev model, suggesting the existence of a deep duality structure and indicating that the fundamental carriers of spin and charge are knotted solitons.Comment: 7 pages; v2: new results added, references update

The phase diagram of Yang-Mills theory with a compact extra dimension

We present a non-perturbative study of the phase diagram of SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in a five-dimensional spacetime with a compact extra dimension. The non-renormalizable theory is regularized on an anisotropic lattice and investigated through numerical simulations in a regime characterized by a hierarchy between the scale of low-energy physics, the inverse compactification radius, and the cutoff scale. We map out the structure of the phase diagram and the pattern of lines corresponding to fixed values of the ratio between the mass of the fifth component of the gauge field and the non-perturbative mass gap of the four-dimensional modes. We discuss different limits of the model, and comment on the implications of our findings.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure

Especiação iônica da solução percolada de um solo tratado com lama de cal.

Em um experimento de casa de vegetação, realizou-se a especiação iônica da solução percolada de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo cultivado com eucalipto e tratado com lama de cal, um resíduo da indústria de celulose e papel. O experimento foi conduzido durante 210 dias, tendo sido feito aplicação superficial no solo de doses de lama de cal em quantidades equivalentes a 0 (testemunha), 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1. Este trabalho objetivou, a partir da especiação iônica, analisar as formas em que se apresentam os constituintes da solução percolada do solo. Apesar das elevadas doses de sódio fornecidas pela lama de cal, o tamponamento do solo evitou aumento relevante do pH. A maioria dos cátions (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni e Pb), do nitrato e do sulfato na solução percolada ocorreu na forma de íons livres. Cr, Al, Fe e fosfato foram os íons com maiores índices de pareamento em termos percentuais. A especiação indicou que, com aplicação de lama de cal, a maior parte do Al (68%-88%) formou complexos com fosfato e sulfato, sugerindo a diminuição do efeito fitotóxico desse metal.bitstream/item/89429/1/bpd70-2005-especiacaoionica.pd

Efeito do fluoreto de cálcio e do carbonato de cálcio na composição química da solução percolada de um solo ácido

Durante oito meses, foram estudados, em casa de vegetação, os efeitos da aplicação de CaF2 (p.a.) e de CaCO3 (p.a.) sobre a concentração de Al e de outros elementos químicos na solução percolada de amostras de um solo ácido, coletado na região de Piracicaba, SP. Os valores de pH aumentaram na solução percolada de amostras de solos que receberam tanto CaCO3 como CaF2. Os tratamentos com CaF2 foram mais eficientes na retirada de Al do solo do que os tratamentos com CaCO3. Na testemunha e nos tratamentos com CaCO3, a maior parte do Al estava, respectivamente, na forma livre Al3+ ou formando complexos Al-OH, ao passo que, nos tratamentos com CaF2 , mais de 99,5% do Al estava complexado com o fluoreto

Nutrient leaching potential following application of papermill lime-sludge to an acidic clay soil

This experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with soil pots during 210 days, to evaluate the effect of calcitic papermill lime-sludge application (at the rates 0, 773, 1.547, and 2.320 mg kg-1 or respective equivalents to control, 2, 4, and 6 t ha-1), on chemical composition of soil leachate and its effects on eucalypt growth and yield. Highest soil leachate pH, SO4, and Na concentrations occurred in the 4 and 6 t ha-1 treatments. Soil leachate nitrate concentrations decreased with increasing lime-sludge rate. Soil leachate phosphate remained low (below the detection limit) in all treatments until 120 days, while the concentration increased in the lime-sludge treatments at 210 days (last sampling) in about 600 mg L-1. Lime-sludge decreased leachate Mg concentration, but had no significant effect among rates. Soil leachate Ca, K, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn did not change significantly for any lime-sludge application rates. The maximum NO3, Ca, Mg, K, and Na concentrations in the soil leachate occurred at 60 days after lime-sludge application (leaching equivalent to 1 pore volume), but for pH and SO4, the maximum occurred at 210 days (leaching equivalent to 4 pore volumes). Lime-sludge application decreased the concentration of exchangeable Al in the soil. Plant diameter growth and dry matter yield were increased with increasing lime-sludge rate. Beneficial effects on mineral nutrition (P, K, Ca, B, and Zn) of eucalypts were also obtained by the application of 4 and 6 t ha-1 of lime-sludge

Efeito de diferentes manejos do solo no número e efetividade de propágulos de fungos micorrízicos vesículo-arbusculares.

Resumo

Biodiversity of Alpine ecosystems in a changing world (BIOALPEC): the focus on Alpine inland water ecosystems

The “Biodiversity of Alpine ecosystems in a changing world” (BIOALPEC) project, carried out within the National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), aims at understanding the distribution and ecological function of Alpine biodiversity, spanning from genes to ecosystems, through the collection and integration of data from field studies, remote sensing, and innovative -omics approaches. Among the various research lines of the project, particular emphasis will be placed on the study of a wide range of Alpine freshwater ecosystems and organisms along morphometric and altitudinal gradients, with a focus on selected microbial communities (bacteria, protists, fungi), microcrustaceans, and molluscs. The habitats under investigation will include lakes, small water bodies, hyporheic environments, and high-altitude streams and springs. The study will be based on a comprehensive and integrative approach combining traditional methods based on morphological taxonomy with molecular and high-throughput techniques for genetic barcoding, eDNA metabarcoding, full shotgun metagenomics, and metabolomic profiling. This approach will provide valuable insights into the taxonomy and functionality of Alpine freshwater populations and communities, with a special emphasis on habitats facing challenges such as climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and the presence of non-indigenous invasive species