CAROTENOIDES EM ABÓBORAS

A presente revisão de literatura evidencia a importância dos carotenoides, como compostos bioativos e seu potencial para aplicação em alimentos funcionais. Foram detalhadas a origem, as características químicas e as fontes de carotenoides. Também foram estudadas as metodologias mais utilizadas na sua quantificação e qualificação, incluindo a espectrofotometria, a espectrometria de massa, a cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência, a cromatografia a gás e a colorimetria. Recomenda-se a ingestão de abóboras por apresentarem quantidades relevantes de importantes carotenoides, como α-caroteno, β-caroteno e luteína

Chemical and bioactive properties of the oils from Brazilian nuts

This paper aims to determine the content of bioactive substances of lipid fractions extracted from Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythis pisonis and Dipteryx lacunifera, in by the interest of better identifying the quality of these raw materials. Proximate composition of nuts was determined by official methods and total carbohydrate was calculated by difference. The oils were extracted from the nuts by cold pressing and analyzed for fatty acid composition, tocopherols, phytosterols and total carotenoids and phenolics compounds. The fatty acid composition of oil extracted from L. pisonis was more unsaturated compared with others oils. L. pisonis oil showed to be richer in total tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, moreover showed considerable total phytosterol and carotenoid amounts, thus representing an important source of vitamins A and E. The oils showed significant content of phenolic compounds, with the exception of the oil extracted from D. lacunifera. The study revealed that the oils from Brazilian nuts contain bioactive compounds in relevant quantities, L. pisonis oil standing out. This fact favors their use for food and, as raw material in chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, adding value to products derived from these oils, increasing the viable sources of raw materials

Avaliação da qualidade de óleos compostos obtidos de fontes alternativas

The search for alternate sources for the extraction of vegetable oils grows every year, since the population seeks healthy oils with high oxidative stability. Thus, this study aimed at chemically characterizing the oils extracted from seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) and melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivated in Brazil, evaluating their antioxidant activity, besides their contribution to soybean oil stability when subjected to thermoxidation (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 h) and storage at room temperature (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 months). Soybean (S), papaya (Pa), and melon (Me) oils were used in order to obtain the composed oils SPa (80:20 p/p), SMe (80:20 p/p), and SPaMe (60:20:20 p/p/p), the chemical composition of the seeds, and the physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of the oils being analysed. Papaya seeds presented significant quantities of lipids (25.4%), besides higher quantities of some macroelements, such as K, P, and Ca, when compared with melon seeds. In thermoxidation and storage at room temperature, the oils behaved very similarly. The compound oils presented good quality, due to low levels of free fatty acids, peroxide value, and conjugated dienoic acids at the end of thermoxidation and storage at room temperature. Palmitic and linoleic fatty acids stood out in all oils, except in papaya oil, which showed high level of oleic acid. The amount of total carotenoids decreased at the end of both processes. However, at the end of thermoxidation, differently from storage, only papaya oil presented significant quantity of carotenoids. In the oils studied, four different phytosterols were found, β-sitosterol being the most significant. Among tocopherol isomers found in the oils, γ-tocopherol stood out, except in papaya oil, which showed higher quantity of α-tocopherol. The methodologies of antioxidant activity showed several oscillations during the processes. However, the compound oils presented expressive antioxidant activity ...A busca por fontes alternativas para extração de óleos vegetais cresce a cada ano, visto que a população procura por óleos saudáveis e com elevada estabilidade oxidativa. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar quimicamente os óleos de sementes de mamão (Carica papaya L.) e melão (Cucumis melo L.), avaliando a atividade antioxidante, além da contribuição na estabilidade do óleo de soja quando submetido a termoxidação (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 h) e estocagem à temperatura ambiente (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 meses). Foram utilizados os óleos de soja (S), mamão (Ma) e melão (Me), para a obtenção dos óleos compostos SMa (80:20 p/p), SMe (80:20 p/p) e SMaMe (60:20:20 p/p/p) sendo analisadas a composição química das sementes, as propriedades físico-químicas e a atividade antioxidante dos óleos. As sementes de mamão apresentaram quantidades significativas de lipídios (25,4%), além de maiores quantidades de alguns macroelementos, como K, P e Ca, quando comparadas com as sementes de melão. Na termoxidação e estocagem à temperatura ambiente, os óleos tiveram comportamentos bastante semelhantes. Os óleos compostos apresentaram boa qualidade, devido aos baixos valores de ácidos graxos livres, índice de peróxidos, e ácidos dienoicos conjugados ao final da termoxidação e estocagem à temperatura ambiente. Os ácidos graxos palmítico e linoleico se sobressaíram em todos os óleos, com exceção do óleo de mamão que mostrou ser alto oleico. A quantidade de carotenoides totais decresceu ao longo dos dois processos, porém, ao final da termoxidação, diferentemente da estocagem, somente o óleo de mamão apresentava quantidade significativa de carotenoides. Nos óleos avaliados foram encontrados quatro diferentes fitosteróis, com destaque para o β-sitosterol. Dos isômeros de tocoferóis encontrados nos óleos estudados, sobressaiu a presença de γ-tocoferol, exceto no de mamão, que apresentou maior quantidade...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Avaliação da composição química de óleos extraídos de sementes de abóboras (Cucurbita sp)

Cresce a busca por alimentos mais saudáveis, principalmente de origem vegetal, que são constituídos por substâncias benéficas ao organismo. Essas substâncias, denominadas de compostos bioativos, ajudam na redução do risco de doenças crônico-degenerativas e outras. Dentre esses alimentos, encontram-se os frutos. Porém, ainda são escassas as informações sobre a composição nutricional de certos frutos, principalmente no que se refere ao valor nutricional dos resíduos gerados em seu processamento. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal de sementes de frutos da família Cucurbitaceae cultivadas no Brasil e caracterizar os seus óleos a fim de identificar compostos bioativos para a possível aplicação em alimentos. As sementes de abóboras das variedades Nova Caravela, Mini Paulista, Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata) e Moranga de Mesa (Cucurbita maxima) foram caracterizadas quanto à umidade, lipídios, proteínas, cinzas e carboidratos totais, e os óleos dessas sementes quanto às propriedades físico-químicas, além do perfil de ácidos graxos, teores de tocoferóis, carotenoides e compostos fenólicos totais. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças entre as médias foram testadas a 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey, por meio do programa ESTAT, versão 2.0. Verificou-se que todas as sementes possuem composição centesimal semelhante, apresentando teores relativamente elevados de lipídios (33-42%) e proteínas (29- 34%). Com relação às propriedades físico-químicas, todos os óleos apresentam valores dentro das faixas características dos óleos vegetais comestíveis. Os principais ácidos graxos encontrados foram o linoleico (40-47%) e oleico (28-30%), que perfizeram um total de 70 a 78%, sendo o óleo das sementes das abóboras da variedade Moranga de Mesa o mais insaturado...The search for healthier foods is increasing, mainly for the ones of vegetable origin, which are composed of substances that are beneficial to the organism. These substances, known as bioactive compounds, help reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases and others. Fruits are among these foods. However, there still is little information about the nutritional composition of certain fruits, especially regarding the nutritional value of the waste generated by their processing. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the proximate composition of seeds from Cucurbitaceae fruit family, grown in Brazil and to characterize their oils, in order to identify bioactive compounds for possible application in food. The seeds from Nova Caravela, Mini Paulista, Menina Brasileira (Cucurbita moschata) and Moranga de Mesa (Cucurbita maxima) pumpkin varieties were characterized as moisture, lipids, proteins, ash and total carbohydrates, and the oils from these seeds, as to their physicochemical properties, as well as the fatty acid profile, the levels of tocopherols, carotenoids and total phenolic compounds. The results were subjected to variance analysis and the differences between means were tested at 5% probability by Tukey test, using the ESTAT program, version 2.0. It was found that all seeds have similar composition, with relatively high levels of lipids (33-42%) and protein (29-34%). About the physicochemical properties, all the oils present values within the range for edible vegetable oils. The main fatty acids found were linoleic (40-47%) and oleic (28-30%), which totalized 70 to 78%, highlighting Moranga de Mesa seed oil as the most unsaturated one. Regarding total tocopherols, Menina Brasileira stood out (386.43 mg/kg). However, regarding the carotenoids and phenolic compounds, Mini Paulista stood out, with 26.8 µg/g and 3.62 mg GAE/g, respectivelyConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Aproveitamento de sementes de abóboras (Cucurbita sp) como fonte alimentar

Brazil processes much of its fruit by producing natural juices, candy preserves, extracts and pulps; however, almost 60% of their total weight derives from peels, leaves and seeds. As a result, the emphasis lies most strongly on the use of waste, especially waste that is not commonly used by the food industry or by consumers. The use of seeds would increase the viable sources of raw materials, lower operating costs of industries and would promote the development of new food products, since they are our main sources of protein, fat, fiber, functional compounds, vitamins and minerals salts. This paper presents alternatives for the use of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita sp), which are often underutilized or discarded. It also demonstrates the bioactive and anti-nutritional compounds and their health effects.O Brasil processa grande parte de seus frutos produzindo sucos naturais, doces em conservas, extratos e polpas, porém quase 60% do peso deles são constituídos de cascas, folhas e sementes. Em consequência tem sido dada maior importância à utilização desses resíduos, que não são utilizados pela indústria de alimentos nem pela população. A utilização das sementes contribuiria para aumentar as fontes viáveis de matéria-prima, diminuir os custos operacionais das indústrias e desenvolver novos produtos alimentícios, visto que são fontes de proteínas, lipídios, fibras, substâncias funcionais, além de vitaminas e minerais. Esse trabalho apresenta alternativas para a utilização das sementes de abóboras (Cucurbita sp), que são muitas vezes subutilizadas ou descartadas, além de mostrar os compostos bioativos e antinutricionais presentes e seus efeitos à saúde

Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) as a Natural Antioxidant

The antioxidant activity from basil ethanol extract, the effect on oxidative stability, total polar compounds, tocopherols levels and fatty acid profile in soybean oil under thermoxidation were evaluated. The basil leaves were dried in lyophilizer, ground and subjected to extraction with ethanol. The soybean oil (SO), soybean oil with 50mg/kg of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), soybean oil with 3,000mg/kg of extract (BE) and soybean oil with 3,000mg/kg of extract and 50mg/kg of TBHQ (mixture) treatments were subjected to 180±5C for 20h. Oil samples were taken at 0, 10 and 20h and subjected to analysis. The addition of the basil extract increased oxidative stability and resulted in lower formation of total polar compounds. Although the content of tocopherols and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased over the course of heating, their values remained higher than the SO treatments. Synergistic effect was not observed in the mixture treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Antioxidant effect of thyme ( -L.) and oregano ( -L.) extracts in soybean oil under thermoxidation

The rancidity of vegetable oils is considered one problem in the food industry,thus, are added antioxidants in food. The objective of this study was to investigatethe antioxidant effect of oregano and thyme extracts in soybean oil underthermoxidation. Soybean oil containing 3,000 mg/kg of oregano and thyme oleo-resins and the mixture of both, as well as soybean oil containing tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ; 50 mg/kg) and soybean oil free of were subjected tothermoxidation. Then, the physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile wereevaluated. Oregano and thyme oleoresins applied separately presented a higherprotective effect, inhibiting a greater formation of polar compounds than the anti-oxidant TBHQ, indicating that the addition of 3,000 mg/kg has ensured a betteroxidative protection than the synthetic antioxidant. The increase in the concentra-tion of oleoresins by mixing thyme and oregano extracts has given a higher pro-tective effect