1,835 research outputs found
Colliding waves on a string in AdS
This paper is concerned with the classical motion of a string in global
AdS. The initially static string stretches between two antipodal points on
the boundary circle. Both endpoints are perturbed which creates cusps at a
steady rate. The cusps propagate towards the interior where they collide. The
behavior of the string depends on the strength of forcing. Three qualitatively
different phases can be distinguished: transparent, gray, and black. The
transparent region is analogous to a standing wave. In the black phase, there
is a horizon on the worldsheet and cusps never reach the other endpoint. The
string keeps folding and its length grows linearly over time. In the gray
phase, the string still grows linearly. However, cusps do cross to the other
side. The transparent and gray regions are separated by a transition point
where a logarithmic accumulation of cusps is numerically observed. A simple
model reproduces the qualitative behavior of the string in the three phases.Comment: 9 pages, 16 figure
Holography without translational symmetry
We propose massive gravity as a holographic framework for describing a class
of strongly interacting quantum field theories with broken translational
symmetry. Bulk gravitons are assumed to have a Lorentz-breaking mass term as a
substitute for spatial inhomogeneities. This breaks momentum-conservation in
the boundary field theory. At finite chemical potential, the gravity duals are
charged black holes in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime. The
conductivity in these systems generally exhibits a Drude peak that approaches a
delta function in the massless gravity limit. Furthermore, the optical
conductivity shows an emergent scaling law: . This result is consistent with that found earlier by
Horowitz, Santos, and Tong who introduced an explicit inhomogeneous lattice
into the system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor correction
Strongly polynomial algorithm for a class of minimum-cost flow problems with separable convex objectives
A well-studied nonlinear extension of the minimum-cost flow problem is to
minimize the objective over feasible flows ,
where on every arc of the network, is a convex function. We give
a strongly polynomial algorithm for the case when all 's are convex
quadratic functions, settling an open problem raised e.g. by Hochbaum [1994].
We also give strongly polynomial algorithms for computing market equilibria in
Fisher markets with linear utilities and with spending constraint utilities,
that can be formulated in this framework (see Shmyrev [2009], Devanur et al.
[2011]). For the latter class this resolves an open question raised by Vazirani
[2010]. The running time is for quadratic costs,
for Fisher's markets with linear utilities and
for spending constraint utilities.
All these algorithms are presented in a common framework that addresses the
general problem setting. Whereas it is impossible to give a strongly polynomial
algorithm for the general problem even in an approximate sense (see Hochbaum
[1994]), we show that assuming the existence of certain black-box oracles, one
can give an algorithm using a strongly polynomial number of arithmetic
operations and oracle calls only. The particular algorithms can be derived by
implementing these oracles in the respective settings
Monetary Policy, Interest Rate Rules, and Inflation Targeting: Some Basic Equivalences
Policymakers increasingly view short-term nominal interest rates as the main instrument of monetary policy, often in conjunction with some inflation target. Interest rates on short-term indexed government debt (i.e., a real interest rate) have also been used as policy instruments. To understand the pros and cons of different policy rules and instruments, this paper derives some basic equivalences among different policy rules. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the following three rules are exactly equivalent: (i) a 'k-percent' money growth rule; (ii) a nominal interest rate rule combined with an inflation target; and (iii) a real interest rate rule combined with an inflation target. These policy rules, however, become increasingly complex: the first rule requires no feedback mechanism; the second rule requires responding to the inflation gap; while the third rule involves responding to both the inflation gap and the output gap. It is also shown that policy rules which respond to the output gap may avoid a deflationary adjustment.
Inflation stabilization in chronic inflation countries: The empirical evidence
There is a rich history of stabilizations in chronic inflation countries, which spans more than three decades. This provides a unique opportunity to identify the main patterns of adjustment and examine econometrically some of the main features of disinflation in chronic inflation countries. Our study is based on 17 stabilization plans from 1964 to the present in 7 countries: Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Israel, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. Twelve of these programs were based on the use of the exchange rate as the nominal anchor, while 5 were based on the use of a monetary aggregate. In addition to reviewing the main "stylized facts" for these 17 stabilization plans we resort to different econometric exercises and thus are able to provide some rigorous econometric basis for several key features of disinflation in chronic inflation countries.inflation stabilization exchange rates mone crises consumption boom
Intertemporal consumption substitution and inflation stabilization:An empirical investigation
Exchange rate based inflation stabilization programs in developing countries often lead to an initial consumption boom followed by an eventual recession. To explain such phenomenon, theoretical models have focused on the role of intertemporal consumption substitution in response to temporary reductions in nominal interest rates. This paper assesses the empirical relevance of such mechanism for six high-inflation developing countries that have gone through repeated stabilization attempts. A simple monetary model is used to obtain estimates of the intertemporal elasticity of substitution, and dynamics simulations are carried out to test the predictive power of the model. The analysis concludes that, in several cases, temporary shocks appeared to have played a key role in generating a consumption boom.inflation consumption boom stabilization interest rates
Environmentally Compatible Structures (ECS) - Introduction into the theory of ECS
p. 723-731The growth of population, industry, megacities, car traffic, intensity of building industry,
etc. with consequent health threatening environmental pollution, became a most urgent
global problem number one of the development and survival of the mankind.
"To ensure protection and restoration of clean environment for future generations, a
scientifically based internationally accepted unified environmental strategy is necessary.
No doubt, this calls for introducing university subjects, scientific research and
corresponding university text books in the field of environmentally compatible design and
technology of buildings. Scientists, university staff members together with outstanding
specialists in this field have to find and suggest the best acceptable means to unify the
fundamentals on how to ensure environmental protection in structural engineering and
architecture and identify the role of university education in this attempt.
The concept of the text book on ECS, is meant as a contribution to this strategy.Vegh, L.; Vegh, P. (2009). Environmentally Compatible Structures (ECS) - Introduction into the theory of ECS. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/673
Approximating Minimum-Cost k-Node Connected Subgraphs via Independence-Free Graphs
We present a 6-approximation algorithm for the minimum-cost -node
connected spanning subgraph problem, assuming that the number of nodes is at
least . We apply a combinatorial preprocessing, based on the
Frank-Tardos algorithm for -outconnectivity, to transform any input into an
instance such that the iterative rounding method gives a 2-approximation
guarantee. This is the first constant-factor approximation algorithm even in
the asymptotic setting of the problem, that is, the restriction to instances
where the number of nodes is lower bounded by a function of .Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure, 28 reference
- …