Detergent-like stressor and nutrient in metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum

The influence of detergents on the metabolism of Penicillium chrysogenum from two aspects, as a stress factor and potential nutrient, was studied. The fungus was isolated from the river bed Lepenica, Kragujevac, at a place where sewage domestic wastewater discharged into the river. The fungus was grown in a liquid nutrient medium according to Czapek with and without addition of commercial detergent (MERIX, Henkel, Serbia) at a concentration of 0.3% and 0.5%. The biochemical changes of pH, redox potential, free and total organic acids, total dry weight biomass, activity of alkaline and acid invertase and alkaline phosphatase were evaluated from day 3 to day 16 of the fungus growth. At the same time, detergent disappearance in terms of methylene blue active substances in the medium was measured. The detergent at a concentration of 0.5% showed a fungicide effect. In the medium with 0.3% of detergent, there was increased pH and concentration of organic acids, but decreased redox potential and total dry weight biomass. The detergent also showed an inhibitory effect on invertase and phosphatase activity. P. chrysogenum decomposed 50.2% of the total detergent concentration for an experimental period of 16 days

Crystal growth of la(2)srb(10)o(19)from undercooled melt

The crystal growth rate of La(2)SrB(10)O(19)in an undercooled melt of stoichiometric composition was studied. The crystallization of the bulk samples was performed in a single-stage regime under isothermal conditions at the selected temperatures for the different time periods. The surface crystallization was observed and in all crystallized samples, the La(2)SrB(10)O(19)crystalline phase was identified. Based on the dependence of the crystalline layer thickness on treatment time at selected temperature, crystal growth rate was obtained. The crystal growth rates were from 1.65 x 10(-8)to 2.77 x 10(-7)m s(-1)in the temperature interval (700-780 degrees C). The experimental values were compared to the calculated values using theoretical model of the crystal growth. The experimental growth rate followed the same trend as the calculated growth rate, but the experimental values were higher than the calculated

Inflamm-Aging

Inflammaging is a theory of aging based on the evidence that the evolutionary unpredicted persistent/increasing exposure to a variety of external and internal stressors occurring beyond the age of reproduction activates innate and adaptive immunity pathways involved in inflammatory response. Seventeen years after this theory was launched, it is now recognized that this phenomenon also involves non-immune cells, including adipocytes, fibroblasts, muscle, endothelial, and senescent cells. Recent data suggest that besides classical stimuli, such as cyto- megalovirus persistent infection (non-self), inflammging is fueled by a variety of stimuli derived from the gut microbiota (quasi-self) and by the continuous production of potentially inflammatory molecules released/secreted as a conse- quence of cell death and organelle dysfunction (self). All these products (alarmins) are sensed by a small number of evolutionary-selected sensors, and eventually activate few basic inflammatory pathways such as NF-\u3baB, inflammasomes, and cGAS. These phenomena are physiological and crucial for survival, but they undergo a progressive increase with age, sometimes reaching a threshold over which age-related pathologies ensue, thus representing an example of antagonist pleiotropy. Inflammaging is a dynamic phenomenon, and its final clinical outcome is highly \u201cpersonalized\u201d depending on what we propose to call \u201cimmunobiography,\u201d i.e., the lifelong immunological experiences and stimuli each individual has been exposed to. Finally, a particular attention is devoted to antiaging strategies, showing that most of them have a direct or indirect impact on inflammaging itself