Sobrepeso em adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos em um município da região Sul do Brasil Overweight in adolescents aged 14 to 19 years old in a Southern Brazilian city

OBJETIVOS: identificar a freqüência de sobrepeso em adolescentes, bem como os fatores ambientais, biológicos e socioeconômicos associados, no município de Toledo, Paraná. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal desenvolvido com adolescentes matriculados no ensino médio, de 14 a 19 anos, do período diurno da área urbana do município. Adotou-se o índice de massa corporal/idade para diagnosticar exposição ao risco de sobrepeso. Utilizou-se um questionário pré-testado para levantamento dos dados pessoais, antropométricos, biológicos e hábitos, como: usar TV, vídeo e computador, praticar esportes e freqüência das refeições. Para a situação socioeconômica, foi utilizado o critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil da Associação Nacional de Empresas de Pesquisa. RESULTADOS: dos adolescentes, 3,8% apresentaram baixo peso e 10,2% sobrepeso. Associação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada para a freqüência de sobrepeso entre os adolescentes que realizavam quatro ou mais refeições/dia (5,5%) e entre aqueles que realizavam até três refeições/dia (16,3%). Ao estratificar o sobrepeso por classes econômicas, as freqüências mostram uma tendência de decréscimo de sobrepeso com a queda da classe econômica. CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência de sobrepeso é superior à de baixo peso, o qual se encontra abaixo dos índices identificados em outros municípios brasileiros. Menor número de refeições e classes econômicas mais elevadas apresentaram associação com o sobrepeso.<br>OBJECTIVES: to identify overweight incidence in adolescents as well as associated environmental, biological, social and economic factors in the municipality of Toledo, Paraná. METHODS: a cross sectional study was performed with adolescents enrolled in middle school aged 14 to 19 years old, in day classes of the urban area in the municipality. Body mass/age rates were used to diagnose the risk of overweight exposure. A pretested questionnaire was used to survey personal, anthropometric, biologic and life style related data such as: the use of TV, video and computer, practicing of sports and number of meals. To establish social and economic status the criterion used was that of the Economic Classification of Brazil from the National Survey Companies Association. RESULTS: 3.8% of the adolescents were underweight and 10.2% were overweight. A statistically significant association was determined for the incidence of overweight among adolescents who had four or more meals per day (5.5%) and among the ones who had up to three meals a day (16.3%). When stratifying overweight by classes of income, the overweight incidence rate had a tendency of decreasing as the economic class decreased. CONCLUSIONS: overweight prevalence is higher than underweight; the last is below the rates determined in other Brazilian municipalities. Less frequency of meals and higher income classes were associated to overweight

Self-directed learning and absorptive capacity: the mediating role of trust and human capital

This chapter aims to provide a better understanding of how self-directed learning effects absorptive capacity by examining the influence of two mediators: specifically, affective trust in colleagues and human capital development climate. By using a sample of 181 participants from the creative industries sector, a sequential mediation via a three-step causal chain was conducted. This chapter contributes to human resource development and strategic management literature in showing that self-directed learning does not only have a strong effect on the organisational capability, but it also has an impact at the group-level dynamics involving trust and organisational-level climate. These findings show that organisations need to design jobs that allow discretion and autonomy from staff to shape their own learning and to cultivate an environment that recognises and rewards learning