Identification of fatty acid methyl ester in palm oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer

Biodiesel or Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) is a non-toxic, biodegradable alternative fuel that is easy to produce and process from vegetable oil or animal fats. In this chapter, identification of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester in palm oil biodiesel using GCMS has been studied. The main component existed in FAME are Caprylic acid C8:0, Capric acid C10:0, Myristic acid C14:0, Palmitic acid C16:0, Stearic acid C18:0, Oleic acid C18:1, Arachidate acid C20:0 and Docosanoic acid C22:0

Optimizing TOC and COD removal for the biodiesel wastewater by electrocoagulation

Abstract In this study, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total organic carbon content (TOC) in biodiesel wastewater iron and aluminum electrodes arranged in a bipolar position. In the EC of the biodiesel wastewater, the effects of the supporting electrolyte, initial pH, electrolysis time and current density were examined. The results showed that the majority of the pollutants in the biodiesel wastewater were effectively removed when the iron or aluminum electrodes were used as a sacrificial anode. The highest COD and TOC removal efficiencies were successfully obtained with the iron electrode. COD removal efficiencies are 91.74 and 90.94% for iron and aluminum electrode, respectively. In the same way, TOC removal efficiencies were obtained as 91.79 and 91.98% for the iron and aluminum electrodes, respectively, at initial pH of 6, the current density of 0.3226 mA/cm2, NaCl concentration 1 g/L and 1 min of operating time

Batch and Continuous Ultrasonic Reactors for the Production of Methyl Esters from Vegetable Oils

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