ФИЗИОЛОГИЧНИ И АГРОЕКОЛОГИЧНИ АСПЕКТИ НА ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕТО НА КАДМИЯ С ЕЧЕМИЧНИТЕ РАСТЕНИЯ: ОБЗОР

This work is a review of author’s previous publications, unpublished results as well as available literature on barley responses to Cd contamination. The physiological backgrounds of the acute Cd toxicity in barley plants are briefly described. Some data characterizing the chronic Cd toxicity in barley have been also provided in relation to its possible use for seed production and Cd phytoextraction on Cd-contaminated agricultural soils. Information about the main physiological factors limiting growth of Cd-exposed barley plants and grain yield, seedling quality as well as Cd phytoextraction capacity of barley grown in Cd-contaminated soils is presented.Тази работа е обзор върху публикации и непубликувани резултати на автора, както и данни от достъпната литература върху реакцията на ечемика към замърсяване с Cd. Кратко са описани физиологичните основи на острата (акутна) Cd токсичност при ечемични растения. Приведени са и данни характеризиращи хроничната Cd токсичност при ечемика във връзка с възможното му използването за семепроизводство и Cd фитоекстракция на замърсени с тежкия метал почви. Представена е информация за основните физиологични фактори, лимитиращи растежа на третирани с Cd ечемични растения, както и за добива на зърно, качествата на семената и капацитета на ечемика за екстракция Cd при отглеждане върху замърсени с Cd почви

Production of a potential liquid plant bio-stimulant by immobilized Piriformospora indica in repeated-batch fermentation process

Piriformospora indica, a mycorrhizal-like fungus able to establish associations with roots of a wide range of plants, supporting plant nutrition and increasing plant resistance and tolerance to stress, was shown to solubilise phosphate applied in the form of animal bone char (HABO) in fermentation systems. The process of P solubilisation was caused most likely by proton extrusion and medium pH lowering. The fungal mycelium was successfully immobilized/retained in a polyurethane foam carrier. Further employment of the immobilized mycelium in repeated-batch fermentation process resulted in at least 5 cycles of P solubilization. The concentration of soluble P increased during the experiment with 1.0 and 3.0 g HABO l−1 and at the end of the 5th batch cycle reached 40.8 and 120 mg l−1, respectively. The resulting final liquid product, without or with solubilized phosphate, was found to significantly increase plant growth and P plant uptake. It can be used as a biostimulant containing microbial plant growth-promoting substances and soluble P derived from renewable sources (HABO) thus supporting the development of sustainable agro-ecosystems.This work was supported by Project CTM2014-53186-R, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad-ES/EC FEDER Fund and the sabbatical Grant PRX16/00277 to NV