Die wese, doel en belangrikheid van liggaamlike opvoeding in 'n moderne kulturele samelewing en die prinsipiële grondbeginsels waarop dit moet berus*

Om dat die begrip Liggaamlike Opvoeding in die alledaagsc taalgebruik ligtclik assosieer word o.a. m et sulke begrippe soos sport, liggaamsoefeninge, in Engels m et physical culture; in Duits m et kórpcrerziehung; in Grieks met gym nastiek en andcr moontlike m isleidende begrippe in aanverw ante tale, en om dat in die alledaagse spreek- taal daar wanopvattings ook kan bestaan i.v.m. so ’n begrip soos kultuur, wil ons dan ten einde m isverstand uit die weg te ruim , vir eers kortliks nagaan w at presies onder die begrippe K ultuur en Liggaamlike Opvoeding verstaan moet word voordat ’n poging aangewend w ord om bogenoemde onderwerp te ondersoek

Aphasia, an acquired language disor

Affecting an estimated one in every 272 South Africans, or 0.37% of the population, aphasia is a neurological condition described as “any disturbance in the comprehension or expression of language caused by a brain lesion”. Despite extensive debate throughout the history of neuropsychology there is no universal agreement on the classification of aphasia subtypes. The original localisationist model attempts to classify aphasia in terms of major characteristics, and then to link these to areas of the brain in which the damage has been caused. These initial two categories, namely fluent and non-fluent aphasia, encompass eight different subtypes of aphasia. Aphasia occurs mostly in those of middle age and older, with males and females being affected equally. As the general practitioner is likely to have first contact with affected patients, it is important to be aware of aphasia and to diagnose and refer patients in an appropriate and expeditious manner.In this article we will review the types of aphasia, an approach to its diagnosis, aphasia subtypes,  rehabilitation and prognosis.Keywords: aphasia; language disorder; approach; Broca; Wernic

Isolated homogeneous groups in nutritional studies

Click on the link to view

Phase I and Phase II control charts for the variance and generalized variance

By extending the results of Human, Chakraborti and Smit (2010), Phase I control charts are derived for the generalized variance when the mean vector and covariance matrix of multivariate normally distributed data are unknown and estimated from m independent samples, each of size n. In Phase II predictive distributions based on a Bayesian approach are used to construct Shewart-type control limits for the variance and generalized variance. The posterior distribution is obtained by combining the likelihood (the observed data in Phase I) and the uncertainty of the unknown parameters via the prior distribution. By using the posterior distribution the unconditional predictive density functions are derived

Bayesian testing for process capability indices

Process capability indices have been widely used in the manufacturing industry. They measure the ability of a manufacturing process to produce items that meet certain specifications. A capability index relates the voice of the customer (specification limits) to the voice of the process. There is a need to understand and interpret process capability indices. Most of the existing work in this area has been devoted to classical frequentist large sample theory. An alternative approach to the problem of making inference about capability indices is the Bayesian approach. In this paper a Bayesian version of Tukey’s method is used for constructing simultaneous credibility intervals for all pairwise differences. A Bayesian procedure for testing all possible contrasts is also given. The problem of selecting the best supplier(s) has received considerable attention in the literature, but mainly from a classical frequentist point of view. A Bayesian simulation procedure is also illustrated to find the best supplier or group of suppliers.This method seems much easier to perform than the Monte Carlo integration method given in Wu, Shiau, Pearn and Hung (2016). In section 10, a sensitivity analysis regarding the prior choice is considered and in the last section, t-distributed data are analysed

Metastatic breast cancer - age has a significant effect on survival

The data on 217 elderly (aged ≥ 65 years) and 209 middleaged postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in the Department of Medical Oncology, University of Pretoria, from 1976 to 1985 were analysed to determine the effect of age on survival. When considered as a group, the elderly have a more favourable prognosis (median survival 20,3 months) than the middle-aged (median survival 15,54 months) (p= 0,0457). Multivariate age subset analysis (taking into account all other major prognostic factors) reveal a distinct bimodal pattern. The median survival of patients aged 45 - 54 years is 21,2 months and decreases to 16,2 months for patients aged 55 - 64 years (P= 0,08; Cox model). The median survival improves again to 24,6 months for patients aged 64 - 74 years (P= 0,0001; Cox model), followed by an apparent but non-significant decrease to 17,1 months in the very old (aged 75 - 84 years) (P = 0,52; Cox model). The more favourable prognosis in the elderly dictates effective non-toxic treatment

An investigation into youth entrepreneurship in selected South African secondary schools: An exploratory study

This research paper examines the status of entrepreneurship educationin selected South African secondary schools to determine the impactthereof on young learners’ attitude towards entrepreneurshipand their future plans. It highlights some challenges facing youthentrepreneurship development in Sedibeng secondary schools. Thestudy is based on the attitude approach to entrepreneurship researchand discusses the results of an empirical study involving 1 748 grade10 learners. South African youth appear to have a positive attitudetowards entrepreneurship and the existence of opportunities fornew venture creation, but seem to have inflated expectations withrespect to their future academic qualifications and less interestthan would be expected in starting their own businesses. Statisticalanalysis of the data revealed that entrepreneurship education in thesample schools was largely infrequent and without depth or focus.The results indicated that catalytic factors, such as exposure toentrepreneurship at school and having self-employed parents, havenot had any effect on learners in the sample, thus re-emphasisingthe urgent need for entrepreneurship training programmes of value.The paper concludes with recommendations for further research onentrepreneurship education in South African secondary schools

Time dependent properties of thermoplastic protein produced from bloodmeal with sodium sulphite as an anti-crosslinking agent

The aim of this research was to investigate how the time dependent mechanical behaviour of bloodmeal-based thermoplastic was affected by varying sodium sulphite content at two injection moulding temperatures (120°C at exit or 140°C at exit). Thermoplastic protein was prepared by extrusion with 2, 3 or 4g sodium sulphite (SS), 3g sodium dodecyl sulphate, 10 g urea, 20 g triethylene glycol and 40 g water per 100 g bloodmeal, then injection moulded into test specimens. Pull to break, creep and stress relaxation tests were performed on conditioned samples and glass transition temperature (Tg) was determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Ultimate tensile strength was 7.9, 7.6 and 5.6 MPa for samples moulded at 120°C and 7.6, 6.3 and 5.7 MPa when moulded at 140°C with 2, 3 and 4 g SS respectively. Experimental creep data was modelled with a 4 element model, consisting of a spring and dashpot in parallel, in series with an additional spring and dashpot. Plotting creep compliance versus time showed increasing chain mobility as SS content increased. Relaxation was modelled with the Struik equation for short-time experiments. Relaxation times were 530, 360 and 250 s with 2, 3 and 4 g SS respectively when moulded at the lower temperature. At 140°C, relaxation times were 440, 430 and 190 s for these SS contents. Tg was in the range 57-65°C (1 Hz peak in tanδ) for all samples, but was lowest for samples with 4 g SS. These results show that both increased sodium sulphite and the higher moulding temperature increased chain mobility in the processed plastic

The effect of adding a lactic acid bacterial inoculant to big round-bale oat silage on intake, milk production and milk composition of Jersey cows

(South African J of Animal Science, 2000, 30, Supplement 1: 80-81