The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its related risk factors in Gorgan, north of Iran. Selective or universal screening test is cost-effective?

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder in pregnancy. GDM is defined in <1 % to 28 % of pregnancies, depending on the diagnostic criteria, the ethnic and racial characteristics. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of GDM and related risk factors among pregnant women in Gorgan, north of Iran. In a cross sectional study, 1276 pregnant women were recruited. All of women screened with glucose challenge test (GCT) in 24–28th wks of gestational age. Women with positive GCT underwent 100 g glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Diagnosis of GDM was according to Carpenter and Coustan’s criteria. GCT was positive in 200 women (15.8 % with CI: 13.8 %–17.8 %) and GDM was diagnosed in 62 case (4.9 % with CI:3.7 %–6.8 %). In a multiple logistic regression, risk factors such as age, BMI, history of macrosomia, familial history of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) were identified as independent risk factors for GDM (p < 0.05). Among GDM cases, 3.2 %(2 women) had no risk factor. These results show moderate prevalence of GDM in north of Iran. It seems that a selective GDM screening method for women with some risk factors is more appropriate than general screening. © 2015, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India

Effect of vitamin D3 supplement in glycemic control of pediatrics with type 1 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency

Background: Glycemic control prevents microvascular complications in patients with type I diabetes mellitus such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy that influences quality of life. Some studies show the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D in synthesis and secretion of insulin. Aims: In this study we evaluate glycemic changes after vitamin D3 supplement in children with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. Materials and Methods: In children with type I diabetes mellitus, level of vitamin D and HbA1C was measured. Patients with type I diabetes mellitus who had vitamin D deficiency (25OHD 9.9. This supplement transfer patients toward better glycemic control for the entire group (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplement improves HbA1C in pediatrics with type I diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. © 2015, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All Rights Reserved

Impact of creatinine clearance on helicobacter pylori eradication rate in patients with peptic ulcer disease

Introduction. Gastrointestinal complaints are common in patients with kidney failure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of creatinine clearance on Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication rate in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Materials and Methods. In this clinical trial, 132 patients with a range of kidney function (normal to end-stage renal disease) and peptic ulcer disease with HP infection were enrolled and divided into 5 groups by their creatinine clearance. For all patients, a 14-day standard regimen of triple therapy for peptic ulcer was started with omeprazole, 20 mg; clarithromycin, 500 mg; and amoxicillin, 1 g; twice per day. After 6 weeks, HP eradication rate were evaluated and compared between the groups with urea breath test. Results. The mean age of the participants was 44.84 ± 12.20 years and 68 (51.5%) were women. The five groups were not significantly different in terms of age, sex distribution, or body mass index. The results of urea breath test at 6 weeks were positive in 23 patients (17.4%). There was no significant difference in HP eradication rate (negative urea breath test) between the five groups. Conclusions. This study showed no association between the success rate of eradication of HP infection and kidney function. © 2015, Iranian Society of Nephrology. All rights reserved

Cosmology with minimal length uncertainty relations

We study the effects of the existence of a minimal observable length in the phase space of classical and quantum de Sitter (dS) and Anti de Sitter (AdS) cosmology. Since this length has been suggested in quantum gravity and string theory, its effects in the early universe might be expected. Adopting the existence of such a minimum length results in the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP), which is a deformed Heisenberg algebra between minisuperspace variables and their momenta operators. We extend these deformed commutating relations to the corresponding deformed Poisson algebra in the classical limit. Using the resulting Poisson and Heisenberg relations, we then construct the classical and quantum cosmology of dS and Ads models in a canonical framework. We show that in classical dS cosmology this effect yields an inflationary universe in which the rate of expansion is larger than the usual dS universe. Also, for the AdS model it is shown that GUP might change the oscillatory nature of the corresponding cosmology. We also study the effects of GUP in quantized models through approximate analytical solutions of the Wheeler-DeWitt (WD) equation, in the limit of small scale factor for the universe, and compare the results with the ordinary quantum cosmology in each case.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, to appear in IJMP

Bi-directional quantum teleportation of GHZ-like states

In this paper we propose a method through which $n$-qubit states can simultaneously be bi-directionally transmitted between two users. We assume that Alice and Bob, the legitimate users, each have a $n$-qubit GHZ-like state and want to teleport it to the other party. Also, a four-qubit cluster state plays the role of the quantum channel of this bi-directional quantum teleportation. The protocol is based on the method that at first, each user, through a series of \mbox{CNOT} gates, converts the $n$-qubit state into a single qubit and some $0$ qubits. Then, by means of the Bell state measurement and proper operation, the single qubit state is transferred over the channel between the two sides. By re-applying the \mbox{CNOT} gates on the transmitted qubits and auxiliary $0$ states, each user reconstructs the initial GHZ-like state. Finally, we investige the effects of some kind of noises on the density marix of the channel due to its interaction with the environment and present a method to protect the channel against the bit-flip error.Comment: 13 pages, no figures, 2 tables, to appear in IJQ

Comparing the effect of using normal saline, N-acetyl cysteine and not using them in endotracheal tube suction on physiologic parameters and the amount of secretions in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation

Aims: Today a large number of patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit need mechanical ventilation via an artificial air way. Since these patients have endotracheal tube, endotracheal suctioning is necessary for increasing oxygenation, cleaning the airway and keeping it open. But this method consists of various side effects such as increased blood pressure and heart rate and respiratory rate, cyanosis, dizziness and increased intracranial pressure and hypoxia. This study aimed at comparing the effect of using normal saline serum, N-acetyl cysteine and not using them in endotracheal suctioning on physiologic parameters and the amount of secretions in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation. Material & Methods: It was a controlled clinical trial study with random allocation that was performed on 54 intubated patients hospitalized in ICU of health educational centers of Babol Medical Sciences University in 2014. Endotracheal tube suctioning was performed for each patient once without saline, the second time with 3 ml of normal saline and the third time with 2 ml of N-acetyl cysteine. Blood pressure, Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Arterial oxygen saturation were measured and recorded before each stage of suctioning and two and five minutes after that. Amount of secretions was measured after each method of suctioning. Data were analyzed by SPSS16 statistical software, variance analysis with repeated measures, ANOVA and paired t statistical tests. Results: Blood pressure, Heart rate and Respiratory rate were increased after suction in all the three groups, but these changes were higher in the group that received normal saline. Mean decrease of Arterial oxygen saturation was more in the method of receiving normal saline (p<0.05). The amount of secretion was more in the method of receiving N-acetyl cysteine (p=0.004). Conclusions: Endotracheal tube suctioning by using normal saline had more adverse effects on post- suction physiological parameters in compare with the other two methods. Therefore, it is recommended to not use normal saline in endotracheal tube suctioning to the possible extent, and if removing secretions is required, endotracheal N_acetyl cysteine should be used according to the patient's condition

Compactification and signature transition in Kaluza-Klein spinor cosmology

We study the classical and quantum cosmology of a 4+1-dimensional space-time with a non-zero cosmological constant coupled to a self interacting massive spinor field. We consider a spatially flat Robertson-Walker universe with the usual scale factor $R(t)$ and an internal scale factor $a(t)$ associated with the extra dimension. For a free spinor field the resulting equations admit exact solutions, whereas for a self interacting spinor field one should resort to a numerical method for exhibiting their behavior. These solutions give rise to a degenerate metric and exhibit signature transition from a Euclidean to a Lorentzian domain. Such transitions suggest a compactification mechanism for the internal and external scale factors such that $a\sim R^{-1}$ in the Lorentzian region. The corresponding quantum cosmology and the ensuing Wheeler-DeWitt equation have exact solutions in the mini-superspace when the spinor field is free, leading to wavepackets undergoing signature change. The question of stabilization of the extra dimension is also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Annals of Physic

Genistein induces a protective immunomodulatory effect in a mouse model of cervical cancer

Background: Genistein (GEN), a naturally occurring flavonoid present in soy bean, has attracted scientific interest for its possible benefits in cancer. Objective: The potential immunomodulatory effects of genistein on the immune system and against TC-1 tumor cell line were evaluated in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Mice were treated with GEN 10 days before to 10 days after the tumor induction. Thirty days after the last GEN treatment, lymphocyte proliferation, Lactase Dehydrogenase (LDH) cytolytic activity and cytokine secretion were analyzed in GEN and control groups. Results: The results showed that ingestion of genistein significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation and LDH release. Furthermore, the treatment with genistein also caused a significant increment in interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In addition, the treatment achieved significant therapeutic effect in tumor models compared to the control group. These results indicated that the effect of GEN on tumor growth may be attributed to its effect on lymphocyte proliferation, cytolytic activity and IFN-γ production. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that GEN exerts an immunomodulatory effect in a mouse model of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) associated-cervical cancer