FEATURES OF TATAR- ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF DRAMATIC WORKS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF T. MINNULLIN’S PLAYS)

Abstract.The purpose of this work is to study the Tatar-English translation features of the dramatic works. In order to entirely clarify the problem, we based our study on the translation of the Toufan Minnullin’s comedy "Äldermeštėn Älmändar" As it is known, among all translation fields the hardest one is the translation of fiction. Translator of the fiction not only has to be experienced in translation but also to have a creative view and understand linguistic and cultural features of specific people. The following research methods were used in this paper: descriptive method (to clarify the features of Tatar culture in the translation), comparative method (comparative analysis of the features of Tatar, Russian and English languages). The analysis of the translation showed the following aspects of translators’ decision-making process: 1. Grammar and lexical techniques are actively used. There were various lexicaladditions and omissions and a large number of complete transformations at the level of sentences. On the one hand the reasons for these interpreter decisions could be the grammatical and cultural differences of the original and target language, and on the other hand it was the desire to recreate the spoken language in the target language. 2. While translating the cultural realities, the translator used the methods of transcription, calculating and omitting. 3. An important role in the original work is played by inserting Russian text into Tatar to represent the specific, humorous, vivid village speech of Tatarstan. The problem of its translation is that the target language of the work - English - doesnot have a similar tradition of actively incorporating significant foreign-language elements into everyday speech. As a result, the translator is forced to abandon almost all such techniques of the original, while allowing losing a significant, though not paramount, an aesthetic feature of the original.Keywords: translation, translation of plays, comparison of literary techniques, translation from Tatar intoEnglish, Tufan Minnullin

KEY DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF THE TRANSIT AND TRANSPORT POTENTIAL OF KAZAKHSTAN

Summary. Nowadays, the Republic of Kazakhstan is dynamically forming up its transit policy, improving its directions and the development of new vectors. This article looks into the development of the transit and transport potential of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It presents the main conclusions on the development of a feasibility study for the construction of a logistics terminal in the seaport of Lianyungang (China) as one of the directions of building transit policy, improving its direction and the formation of new vectors. The urgency of building a logistics terminal is conditioned by the necessity for national interests and further expansion of political and economic advantages of Kazakhstan

Optimization of container traffic distribution on the railway network

The paper considers the problem of optimal redistribution of transit container flows on the railway network. The problem is proposed to be solved as the problem of a multi-commodity flow of minimum cost using the relaxation method. The relaxation method allows choosing the most efficient variant of the next solution at each iteration step. To search for the optimal distribution of container flows on the network, graph theory was used, i.e., the network is presented as a multigraph with a set of vertices and arcs, for which the costs of transporting a unit of production, the maximum and minimum values of the flows between the vertices are given, the conditions for maintaining the flow at the vertices of the graph and restrictions on the amount of flow along the arcs are given. It has been established that in order to implement the task, it is necessary to take into account the unit costs for the movement of container flows between the nodes of the railway network, taking into account the capacity of the branches between the junction stations. The developed mathematical model for the redistribution of container traffic allows you to identify areas with limited throughput, develop options for optimization measures, and, as a result, achieve an economic effect by reducing the cost of transporting containerized cargo

Optimization of container traffic distribution on the railway network

The paper considers the problem of optimal redistribution of transit container flows on the railway network. The problem is proposed to be solved as the problem of a multi-commodity flow of minimum cost using the relaxation method. The relaxation method allows choosing the most efficient variant of the next solution at each iteration step. To search for the optimal distribution of container flows on the network, graph theory was used, i.e., the network is presented as a multigraph with a set of vertices and arcs, for which the costs of transporting a unit of production, the maximum and minimum values of the flows between the vertices are given, the conditions for maintaining the flow at the vertices of the graph and restrictions on the amount of flow along the arcs are given. It has been established that in order to implement the task, it is necessary to take into account the unit costs for the movement of container flows between the nodes of the railway network, taking into account the capacity of the branches between the junction stations. The developed mathematical model for the redistribution of container traffic allows you to identify areas with limited throughput, develop options for optimization measures, and, as a result, achieve an economic effect by reducing the cost of transporting containerized cargo