Routine versus selective use of episiotomy in primigravida: a prospective non-randomized case-control study

Background: Episiotomy is a surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during second stage of labour. It is an inflicted second-degree perineal tear. Objective of this study was to determine the possible benefits and risks of the use of selective episiotomy versus routine episiotomy during delivery in primigravida.Methods: This is a prospective non-randomized case-control study designed to analyze and compare the maternal outcomes following routine versus selective use of episiotomy in primigravida. In control group, 122 patients were recruited and mediolateral episiotomy was given in all patients; while in study group, 61 patients were recruited, in whom episiotomy was given selectively.Results: In study group 61 patients were recruited, out of which episiotomy can be avoided in 23 (37.7%) of cases. There was no 3rd or 4th degree perineal tear found in any group. Perineal pain score on 3rd day postpartum was less in study group, as compared to control group on bed rest, sitting, walking and defecation.Conclusions: Selective use of episiotomy can improve maternal outcome by reducing perineal lacerations and those having intact perineum can have the best outcome when episiotomy is given selectively

Efficient Security Solution for Privacy Cloud Services

In this paper, we exhibit a novel protection protecting security answer for cloud services. We manage client nameless access to cloud benefits and imparted stockpiling servers. Our answer furnishes enlisted clients with unacknowledged access to cloud services. Our answer offers unacknowledged verification. This implies that clients' close to home qualities (age, legitimate enrollment, fruitful installment) can be demonstrated without uncovering clients' character. Accordingly, clients can utilize services without any risk of profiling their conduct. Then again, if clients break supplier's tenets, their right to gain entrance rights are renounced. We dissect current security safeguarding answers for cloud services and layout our answer in light of cutting edge cryptographic segments. Our answer offers nameless access, unlinkability and the privacy of transmitted information. Also, we execute our answer and we yield the trial comes about and look at the execution with related arrangements

Observing Zitterbewegung in Ultracold Atoms

We propose an optical lattice scheme which would permit the experimental observation of Zitterbewegung (ZB) with ultracold, neutral atoms. A four-level "tripod" variant of the usual setup for stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has been proposed for generating non-Abelian gauge fields [1]. Dirac-like Hamiltonians, which exhibit ZB, are simple examples of such non-Abelian gauge fields; we show how a variety of them can arise, and how ZB can be observed, in a tripod system. We predict that the ZB should occur at experimentally accessible frequencies and amplitudes.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures. Added reference

A study of the composition of some eye cosmetics (kohls) used in the United Arab Emirates

A total of 23 kohl samples was analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nineteen samples were obtained in Abu Dhabi and four in Dubai. None of the samples were made in the United Arab Emirates. The main component of 11 samples was found to be galena (PbS). For the remaining 12 samples, the main component was found to be one of the following: amorphous carbon, zincite (ZnO), sassolite (H3BO3) or calcite/aragonite (CaCO3). © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors as anti-diabetic agents: a review

The incidence and prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been increasing worldwide. However, existing therapeutic classes of anti-diabetic drugs are not adequately effective in achieving and maintaining long-term glycemic control in the most patients. The majority of the drugs control blood sugar without addressing the basic pathology of insulin resistance and relative deficiency. Moreover, side effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain, of both new and established drugs need to be considered prior to treating a patient. An emerging anti-hyperglycemic intervention, the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor acts by a novel mechanism. Under physiological conditions, SGLT2 accounts for 90% of the glucose re-absorption in the kidney, while the SGLT2 inhibitors result in an increase in urinary excretion of glucose and lower plasma glucose levels. Here, the pros and cons of SGLT2 inhibitors are considered, while approaching a patient with T2DM. The basic biochemistry and physiology underlying the mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors are discussed alongside its clinical pharmacology, with a focus on metabolic changes associated with urinary glucose loss. Finally, a consideration of Food and Drug Administration safety concerns associated with acidosis due to SGLT2 inhibitor usage is presented, to allow a complete understanding of the utility of these molecules in the light of existing T2DM therapies

Hall of Mirrors Scattering from an Impurity in a Quantum Wire

This paper develops a scattering theory to examine how point impurities affect transport through quantum wires. While some of our new results apply specifically to hard-walled wires, others--for example, an effective optical theorem for two-dimensional waveguides--are more general. We apply the method of images to the hard-walled guide, explicitly showing how scattering from an impurity affects the wire's conductance. We express the effective cross section of a confined scatterer entirely in terms of the empty waveguide's Green's function, suggesting a way in which to use semiclassical methods to understand transport properties of smooth wires. In addition to predicting some new phenomena, our approach provides a simple physical picture for previously observed effects such as conductance dips and confinement-induced resonances.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review B. Minor additions to text, added reference

Matter Wave Scattering and Guiding by Atomic Arrays

We investigate the possibility that linear arrays of atoms can guide matter waves, much as fiber optics guide light. We model the atomic line as a quasi-1D array of s wave point scatterers embedded in 2D. Our theoretical study reveals how matter wave guiding arises from the interplay of scattering phenomena with bands and conduction along the array. We discuss the conditions under which a straight or curved array of atoms can guide a beam focused at one end of the array.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice towards vector borne diseases in urban area of Bagalkote, Karnataka, India

Background: Vector-borne diseases are a widespread and serious issue that affects populations all over the world and represent a global health challenge. These diseases, like malaria, dengue and chikungunya pose immense challenges due to their rapid transmission and leading to major public health crises during outbreaks. Effective management strategies, including vector control, public health interventions are crucial to curb their impact. The burden of VBDs extends beyond public health, impacting society and economies. These diseases can strain healthcare systems, reduce workforce productivity, and impose significant financial costs. Annually, alarming 700,000 deaths are attributed to vector-borne diseases, underscoring the urgency of addressing this issue. Aim was to assess and evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice towards vector borne diseases in urban area of Bagalkote. Methods: This is an educational interventional study. This study will be conducted among the urban area of Bagalkote. The study was carried out for 6 months. Results: In this study among 165 participant’s knowledge of vector borne diseases was quite good. Majority of study subjects were aware about VBD causes death if untreated. Regarding the most frequent mosquito biting period maximum participants 99.39% responded with evening/night time. Almost 95.75% resonance had knowledge, that mosquito bite is the cause of dengue, malaria, chikungunya. The study revealed that majority participants considered dengue, malaria, chikungunya is serious health problem and their attitude vector control measures were positive in almost all study subjects. Conclusions: The results are very positive and we suggest that people should continue to strengthen their knowledge, attitude and practice towards vector borne diseases. Participants showed adequate awareness towards vector borne diseases