Inference Rules in Nelson’s Logics, Admissibility and Weak Admissibility

© 2015, Springer Basel. Our paper aims to investigate inference rules for Nelson’s logics and to discuss possible ways to determine admissibility of inference rules in such logics. We will use the technique offered originally for intuitionistic logic and paraconsistent minimal Johannson’s logic. However, the adaptation is not an easy and evident task since Nelson’s logics do not enjoy replacement of equivalences rule. Therefore we consider and compare standard admissibility and weak admissibility. Our paper founds algorithms for recognizing weak admissibility and admissibility itself – for restricted cases, to show the problems arising in the course of study

Influence of light and heavy lanthanides on the physiological processes of taraxacum hybernum

© 2020, Editorial board of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved. The current study was carried out to study the influence of light and heavy lanthanides on the physiological process of Crimean-Sagyz/ Krim-saghyz (dandelion-Taraxacum hybernum). Lanthanide belongs to the group of light or heavy; infiltration of dandelion (Crimean saghyz) seeds with light and heavy lanthanides solutions increased the germination energy by 26%. The differences in the influence of light (cerium) and heavy (lutetium) were manifested in the quantum efficiency change of the photosystem 2 (PS II). Treatment of leaves with high concentrations (100 µM) led to a decrease of Y (II), moreover, under the influence of light lanthanide, the decrease was greater by 21%. It is assumed that the effect of the used lanthanides on the dandelion photosynthetic apparatus is multidirectional. Cerium influenced the PS II antenna complex, and lutetium influenced the reaction centers. A 10-fold decrease in the concentration did not change the nature of cerium action, except that Y (II) was restored already on the second day after treatment. The effect of lutetium became noticeable only by the 8th day after treatment when Y (II) became higher than that of untreated plants. Thus, the results of the study suggested that in dandelion leaves, lanthanides with a concentration of 10 µM increased the quantum efficiency of PS II in contrast to cerium

Sputtering of Silicon Surface during Low-Energy High-Dose Implantation with Silver Ions

© 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract: We report on the results of first practical observations of sputtering of the Si surface during the implantation with Ag+ ions with an energy of 30 keV depending on irradiation dose D in the interval from 2.5 × 1016 to 1.5 × 1017 ion/cm2 for a fixed value of ion beam current density J = 8 μA/cm2, as well as for variation of J = 2, 5, 8, 15, and 20 μA/cm2 at constant D = 1.5 × 1017 ion/cm2. In the former case, the thickness of the porous Si (PSi) layer being sputtered increases monotonically to 50 nm at the maximum value of D; in this case, the effective sputtering ratio of the implanted Ag : PSi layer is 1.6. We have also established that the thickness of the sputtered layer increases with current density J

Iron-Nickel Microparticles in the Sedimentary Rocks as Indicators of Cosmic Processes

The microstructure, chemical and mineral composition of iron-nickel microparticles from the sedimentary deposits of the Peri-Caspian Depression were studied. It was found that the microspheres developed as a result of the fractional condensation of a Fe-Ni melt and its crystallization at the early stage of the evolution of the substance of the protosolar nebula. Upon reaching the atmosphere of the Earth, these microspheres undergo changes in terms of partial oxidation of magnetite to hematite and native nickel to nickel oxides, melting of fusible metals in the core part, and atmospheric entry under the influence of the “pulverization effect” resulting in the development of awaruite microparticles of various shapes. The obtained data are most likely to prove the extraterrestrial origin of Fe–Ni microparticles and their relation to the fallings of cosmic bodies on the Earth in the geological past

Analysis of Surface Morphology and Chemical Composition of Silicon Implanted with Copper Ions

© 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Abstract: We report on the results of analysis of the structure and chemical composition of the surface of c-Si single crystal substrates implanted with Cu+ ions with energy of 40 keV and doses in a range of 3.1 × 1015–1.25 × 1017 ions/cm2 for a current density of 8 μA/cm2 in the ion beam. It has been established using scanning electron microscopy and probe microscopy combined with X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy that at the initial stage, the implantation with Cu+ ions to a dose of 6.25 × 1016 ions/cm2 induces the formation of Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm in the Si surface layer. Upon a further increase in the implantation dose, beginning with 1.25 × 1017 ions/cm2 and higher, the nucleation of the η phase of copper silicide (η-Cu3Si) is observed. This is due to heating of the surface layer of the Si substrate during its irradiation to a temperature facilitating the formation of the η-Cu3Si phase

Solubility of Diclofenac Acid Form from Solid Dispersions

The influence of solid dispersions (SD) on diclofenac solubility was determined by studying diclofenac (acid form) and its SD with polyethyleneglycol-1500 (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-10000 (PVP). SD formation increased the solubility and dissolution rate of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Diclofenac solubility from the SD with PVP increased by 2.5 times; from the SD with PEG (solvent evaporation method), by 8 times compared with diclofenac drug substance. A combination of physicochemical methods showed that the improved release of diclofenac from the SD occurred because of reduced crystallinity, formation of drug solid solutions in the polymer matrix, and formation of a colloidal drug solution. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Preparation and Investigation of Tabletted Medicinal Formulations of a Solid Dispersion of Rutin

Asolid dispersion of rutin based on polyvinylpyrrolidone had greater solubility than rutin substance, which is valuable for creating effective formulations based on this material. We describe here the preparation of tableted medicinal formulations of a solid dispersion of rutin prepared by direct pressing and moist granulation. A comparative analysis of the resulting granulates and tablets in terms of the main physical-technical characteristics is presented. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Preparation and Investigation of Tabletted Medicinal Formulations of a Solid Dispersion of Rutin

Asolid dispersion of rutin based on polyvinylpyrrolidone had greater solubility than rutin substance, which is valuable for creating effective formulations based on this material. We describe here the preparation of tableted medicinal formulations of a solid dispersion of rutin prepared by direct pressing and moist granulation. A comparative analysis of the resulting granulates and tablets in terms of the main physical-technical characteristics is presented. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York

Solubility of Diclofenac Acid Form from Solid Dispersions

The influence of solid dispersions (SD) on diclofenac solubility was determined by studying diclofenac (acid form) and its SD with polyethyleneglycol-1500 (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-10000 (PVP). SD formation increased the solubility and dissolution rate of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Diclofenac solubility from the SD with PVP increased by 2.5 times; from the SD with PEG (solvent evaporation method), by 8 times compared with diclofenac drug substance. A combination of physicochemical methods showed that the improved release of diclofenac from the SD occurred because of reduced crystallinity, formation of drug solid solutions in the polymer matrix, and formation of a colloidal drug solution. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York