36 research outputs found

    Pion Freeze-Out Time in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 A GeV/c Studied via pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ Ratios

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    The effect of the final state Coulomb interaction on particles produced in Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/c has been investigated in the WA98 experiment through the study of the pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ ratios measured as a function of transverse mass. While the ratio for kaons shows no significant transverse mass dependence, the pi-/pi+ ratio is enhanced at small transverse mass values with an enhancement that increases with centrality. A silicon pad detector located near the target is used to estimate the contribution of hyperon decays to the pi-/pi+ ratio. The comparison of results with predictions of the RQMD model in which the Coulomb interaction has been incorporated allows to place constraints on the time of the pion freeze-out.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure

    Роль Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹

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    Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide and belongs to age-related diseases. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliative (PE) glaucoma are the most common forms of glaucoma. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma progression. The trabecular meshwork participates in regulating and maintaining a constant level of IOP throughout life. Impairment of intercellular interactions, development of cellular dysfunction and the associated imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors underlie the development of most age-related diseases. The role of chronic inflammation, changes in innate and acquired immunity in the development of glaucoma is currently being discussed. Aqueous humor (AH) contains cytokines and growth factors, which are the most important link in the processes of intercellular interaction and are produced by cells of various structures of the eye both in physiological and in pathological conditions. The study of the spectrum, levels, and ratio of different mediator molecules in patients with glaucoma has not yet had a systematic approach. The data obtained are contradictory, which is due to the use of various biological fluids (plasma, AH, tear), determination methods, and the variability of the studied groups of patients. The purpose of this review was to systematize the accumulated knowledge about the role of cytokines and immune system cells in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Research in this direction will not only reveal new predictive biomarkers, but also develop new approaches in glaucoma therapy.Π“Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π’ΠžΠ—, являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ слСпоты Π²ΠΎ всСм ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ ΠΈ относится ΠΊ ассоциированным с возрастом заболСваниям. ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΈΡ‡Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° (ΠŸΠžΠ£Π“), псСвдоэксфолиативная (ПЭ) Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ частыми Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹. ΠŸΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ давлСния (Π’Π“Π”) являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· основных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² риска прогрСссии Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹. ВрабСкулярная ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° протяТСнии всСй ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ выполняСт Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ рСгуляции ΠΈ поддСрТания постоянного уровня Π’Π“Π”. Π’ настоящСС врСмя обсуТдаСтся Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ хроничСского воспалСния, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹. Водянистая Π²Π»Π°Π³Π° (Π’Π’) содСрТит Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ростовыС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ‹ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ваТнСйшим Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² процСссах ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… структур Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² физиологичСских условиях, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ патологичСских состояниях. Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ спСктра, ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ» Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ настоящСго Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ систСматизированного ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ носят ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ связано с использованиСм для этого Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… биологичСских ТидкостСй (сыворотка ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, Π’Π’, слСза), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² опрСдСлСния, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ исслСдуСмых Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ количСству, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π° настоящСго ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π° систСматизация Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ систСмы Π² ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹. ИсслСдования Π² этом Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ позволят Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ прогностичСскиС Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ соврСмСнныС ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ‹

    Ruissellement et risque majeur Phenomenes, exemples et gestion spatiale des crues

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    SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22861, issue : a.1998 n.13 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc
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