36 research outputs found
Pion Freeze-Out Time in Pb+Pb Collisions at 158 A GeV/c Studied via pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ Ratios
The effect of the final state Coulomb interaction on particles produced in
Pb+Pb collisions at 158 A GeV/c has been investigated in the WA98 experiment
through the study of the pi-/pi+ and K-/K+ ratios measured as a function of
transverse mass. While the ratio for kaons shows no significant transverse mass
dependence, the pi-/pi+ ratio is enhanced at small transverse mass values with
an enhancement that increases with centrality. A silicon pad detector located
near the target is used to estimate the contribution of hyperon decays to the
pi-/pi+ ratio. The comparison of results with predictions of the RQMD model in
which the Coulomb interaction has been incorporated allows to place constraints
on the time of the pion freeze-out.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
Π ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide and belongs to age-related diseases. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliative (PE) glaucoma are the most common forms of glaucoma. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the main risk factors for glaucoma progression. The trabecular meshwork participates in regulating and maintaining a constant level of IOP throughout life. Impairment of intercellular interactions, development of cellular dysfunction and the associated imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors underlie the development of most age-related diseases. The role of chronic inflammation, changes in innate and acquired immunity in the development of glaucoma is currently being discussed. Aqueous humor (AH) contains cytokines and growth factors, which are the most important link in the processes of intercellular interaction and are produced by cells of various structures of the eye both in physiological and in pathological conditions. The study of the spectrum, levels, and ratio of different mediator molecules in patients with glaucoma has not yet had a systematic approach. The data obtained are contradictory, which is due to the use of various biological fluids (plasma, AH, tear), determination methods, and the variability of the studied groups of patients. The purpose of this review was to systematize the accumulated knowledge about the role of cytokines and immune system cells in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Research in this direction will not only reveal new predictive biomarkers, but also develop new approaches in glaucoma therapy.ΠΠ»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° (ΠΠΠ£Π), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ (ΠΠ) Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. Π’ΡΠ°Π±Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠΠ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡΠ°Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π³Π° (ΠΠ) ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΌ Π·Π²Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ (ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΠ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π·Π°), ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ
Ruissellement et risque majeur Phenomenes, exemples et gestion spatiale des crues
SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : 22861, issue : a.1998 n.13 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc