Capture Velocity for a Magneto-Optical Trap in a Broad Range of Light Intensity

In a recent paper, we have used the dark-spot Zeeman tuned slowing technique [Phys. Rev. A 62, 013404-1, (2000)] to measure the capture velocity as a function of laser intensity for a sodium magneto optical trap. Due to technical limitation we explored only the low light intensity regime, from 0 to 27 mW/cm^2. Now we complement that work measuring the capture velocity in a broader range of light intensities (from 0 to 400 mW/cm^2). New features, observed in this range, are important to understant the escape velocity behavior, which has been intensively used in the interpretation of cold collisions. In particular, we show in this brief report that the capture velocity has a maximum as function of the trap laser intensity, which would imply a minimum in the trap loss rates.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figure

Creating a self-induced dark spontaneous-force optical trap for neutral atoms

This communication describes the observation of a new type of dark spontaneous-force optical trap (dark SPOT) obtained without the use of a mask blocking the central part of the repumper laser beam. We observe that loading a magneto-optical trap (MOT) from a continuous and intense flux of slowed atoms and by appropriately tuning the frequency of the repumper laser is possible to achieve basically the same effect of the dark SPOT, using a simpler apparatus. This work characterizes the new system through measurements of absorption and fluorescence imaging of the atomic cloud and presents a very simple model to explain the main features of our observations. We believe that this new approach may simplify the current experiments to produce quantum degenerated gases.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Optics Communications (30/10/2003), accepted for publication (Feb/2004

Ramsey fringes formation during excitation of topological modes in a Bose-Einstein condensate

The Ramsey fringes formation during the excitation of topological coherent modes of a Bose-Einstein condensate by an external modulating field is considered. The Ramsey fringes appear when a series of pulses of the excitation field is applied. In both Rabi and Ramsey interrogations, there is a shift of the population maximum transfer due to the strong non-linearity present in the system. It is found that the Ramsey pattern itself retains information about the accumulated relative phase between both ground and excited coherent modes.Comment: Latex file, 12 pages, 5 figure

Expansion of a lithium gas in the BEC-BCS crossover

We report on experiments in $^6$Li Fermi gases near Feshbach resonances. A broad s-wave resonance is used to form a Bose-Einstein condensate of weakly bound $^6$Li$_2$ molecules in a crossed optical trap. The measured molecule-molecule scattering length of $170^{+100}_{-60}$ nm at 770 G is found in good agreement with theory. The expansion energy of the cloud in the BEC-BCS crossover region is measured. Finally we discuss the properties of p-wave Feshbach resonances observed near 200 Gauss and new s-wave resonances in the heteronuclear $^6$Li- $^7$Li mixture.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of ICAP 200

In Vitro Wound Healing Improvement By Low-level Laser Therapy Application In Cultured Gingival Fibroblasts

The aim of this study was to determine adequate energy doses using specific parameters of LLLT to produce biostimulatory effects on human gingival fibroblast culture. Cells (3 10 4 cells/cm 2) were seeded on 24-well acrylic plates using plain DMEM supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum. After 48-hour incubation with 5 CO2 at 37C, cells were irradiated with a InGaAsP diode laser prototype (LASERTable; 780 3 nm; 40mW) with energy doses of 0.5, 1.5, 3, 5, and 7J/cm 2. Cells were irradiated every 24h totalizing 3 applications. Twenty-four hours after the last irradiation, cell metabolism was evaluated by the MTT assay and the two most effective doses (0.5 and 3J/cm 2) were selected to evaluate the cell number (trypan blue assay) and the cell migration capacity (wound healing assay; transwell migration assay). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney nonparametric tests with statistical significance of 5. Irradiation of the fibroblasts with 0.5 and 3J/cm 2 resulted in significant increase in cell metabolism compared with the nonrradiated group (P 0.05). Both energy doses promoted significant increase in the cell number as well as in cell migration (P 0.05). These results demonstrate that, under the tested conditions, LLLT promoted biostimulation of fibroblasts in vitro. Copyright © 2012 Fernanda G. Basso et al.Hkkinen, L., Uitto, V.J., Larjava, H., Cell biology of gingival wound healing (2000) Periodontology 2000, 24 (1), pp. 127-152Kreisler, M., Christoffers, A.B., Al-Haj, H., Willershausen, B., D'Hoedt, B., Low level 809-nm diode laser-induced in vitro stimulation of the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (2002) Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 30 (5), pp. 365-369. , DOI 10.1002/lsm.10060Posten, W., Wrone, D.A., Dover, J.S., Arndt, K.A., Silapunt, S., Alam, M., Low-level laser therapy for wound healing: Mechanism and efficacy (2005) Dermatologic Surgery, 31 (3), pp. 334-340Saygun, I., Karacay, S., Serdar, M., Ural, A.U., Sencimen, M., Kurtis, B., Effects of laser irradiation on the release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and receptor of IGF-1 (IGFBP3) from gingival fibroblasts (2008) Lasers in Medical Science, 23 (2), pp. 211-215. , DOI 10.1007/s10103-007-0477-3Skopin, M.D., Molitor, S.C., Effects of near-infrared laser exposure in a cellular model of wound healing (2009) Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 25 (2), pp. 75-80Hakki, S.S., Bozkurt, S.B., Effects of different setting of diode laser on the mRNA expression of growth factors and type i collagen of human gingival fibroblasts (2012) Lasers in Medical Science, 27 (2), pp. 325-331Peplow, P.V., Chung, T.Y., Baxter, G.D., Laser photobiomodulation of proliferation of cells in culture: A review of human and animal studies (2010) Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 28, pp. 3-S40. , supplement 1Basso, F.G., Oliveira, C.F., Kurachi, C., Hebling, J., Costa, C.A., Biostimulatory effect of low-level laser therapy on keratinocytes in vitro Lasers in Medical Science, , In pressOliveira, C.F., Basso, F.G., Lins, E.C., Kurachi, C., Hebling, J., Bagnato, V.S., De Souza Costa, C.A., In vitro effect of low-level laser on odontoblast-like cells (2011) Laser Physics Letters, 8 (2), pp. 155-163Mosmann, T., Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays (1983) Journal of Immunological Methods, 65 (1-2), pp. 55-63Wiegand, C., Hipler, U., Methods for the measurement of cell and tissue compatibility including tissue regeneration process (2008) GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinr, 3 (1), pp. 1863-5245Hoang, A.M., Oates, T.W., Cochran, D.L., In vitro wound healing responses to enamel matrix derivative (2000) Journal of Periodontology, 71 (8), pp. 1270-1277Liang, C.-C., Park, A.Y., Guan, J.-L., In vitro scratch assay: A convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro (2007) Nature Protocols, 2 (2), pp. 329-333. , DOI 10.1038/nprot.2007.30, PII NPROT.2006.30Cceres, M., Romero, A., Copaja, M., Daz-Araya, G., Martnez, J., Smith, P.C., Simvastatin alters fibroblastic cell responses involved in tissue repair (2011) Journal of Periodontal Research, 46 (4), pp. 456-463Chor, A., De Azevedo, A.M., Maiolino, A., Nucci, M., Successful treatment of oral lesions of chronic lichenoid graft-vs.-host disease by the addition of low-level laser therapy to systemic immunosuppression (2004) European Journal of Haematology, 72 (3), pp. 222-224. , DOI 10.1046/j.0902-4441.2003.00202.xAbramoff, M.M.F., Lopes, N.N.F., Lopes, L.A., Dib, L.L., Guilherme, A., Caran, E.M., Barreto, A.D., Petrilli, A.S., Low-level laser therapy in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in young patients (2008) Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 26 (4), pp. 393-400Woodruff, L.D., Bounkeo, J.M., Brannon, W.M., Dawes Jr., K.S., Barham, C.D., Waddell, D.L., Enwemeka, C.S., The efficacy of laser therapy in wound repair: A meta-analysis of the literature (2004) Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 22 (3), pp. 241-247. , DOI 10.1089/1549541041438623Damante, C.A., De Micheli, G., Miyagi, S.P.H., Feist, I.S., Marques, M.M., Effect of laser phototherapy on the release of fibroblast growth factors by human gingival fibroblasts (2009) Lasers in Medical Science, 24 (6), pp. 885-891Almeida-Lopes, L., Rigau, J., Zangaro, R.A., Guidugli-Neto, J., Jaeger, M.M.M., Comparison of the low level laser therapy effects on cultured human gingival fibroblasts proliferation using different irradiance and same fluence (2001) Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 29 (2), pp. 179-184. , DOI 10.1002/lsm.1107Alghamdi, K.M., Kumar, A., Moussa, N.A., Low-level laser therapy: A useful technique for enhancing the proliferation of various cultured cells (2011) Lasers in Medical Science, 27 (1), pp. 237-249Gao, X., Xing, D., Molecular mechanisms of cell proliferation induced by low power laser irradiation (2009) Journal of Biomedical Science, 164Karu, T.I., Pyatibrat, L.V., Kolyakov, S.F., Afanasyeva, N.I., Absorption measurements of a cell monolayer relevant to phototherapy: Reduction of cytochrome c oxidase under near IR radiation (2005) Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 81 (2), pp. 98-106. , DOI 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.07.002, PII S1011134405001302Eells, J.T., Henry, M.M., Summerfelt, P., Wong-Riley, M.T.T., Buchmann, E.V., Kane, M., Whelan, N.T., Whelan, H.T., Therapeutic photobiomodulation for methanol-induced retinal toxicity (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100 (6), pp. 3439-3444. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.0534746100Zhang, L., Xing, D., Gao, X., Wu, S., Low-power laser irradiation promotes cell proliferation by activating PI3K/Akt pathway (2009) Journal of Cellular Physiology, 219 (3), pp. 553-562Azevedo, L.H., De Paula Eduardo, F., Moreira, M.S., De Paula Eduardo, C., Marques, M.M., Influence of different power densities of LILT on cultured human fibroblast growth: A pilot study (2006) Lasers in Medical Science, 21 (2), pp. 86-89. , DOI 10.1007/s10103-006-0379-9Lagan, K.M., Alyson Clements, B., McDonough, S., David Baxter, G., Low intensity laser therapy (830nm) in the management of minor postsurgical wounds: A controlled clinical study (2001) Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 28 (1), pp. 27-32. , DOI 10.1002/1096-9101(2 001)28:13.0.CO;2-

In Vitro Effect Of Low-level Laser Therapy On Typical Oral Microbial Biofilms

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific parameters of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans or an association of both species. Single and dual-species biofilms - SSB and DSB - were exposed to laser doses of 5, 10 or 20 J/cm 2 from a near infrared InGaAsP diode laser prototype (LASERTable; 780 ± 3 nm, 0.04 W). After irradiation, the analysis of biobilm viability (MTT assay), biofilm growth (cfu/mL) and cell morphology (SEM) showed that LLLT reduced cell viability as well as the growth of biofilms. The response of S. mutans (SSB) to irradiation was similar for all laser doses and the biofilm growth was dose dependent. However, when associated with C. albicans (DSB), S. mutans was resistant to LLLT. For C. albicans, the association with S. mutans (DSB) caused a significant decrease in biofilm growth in a dose-dependent fashion. The morphology of the microorganisms in the SSB was not altered by LLLT, while the association of microbial species (DSB) promoted a reduction in the formation of C. albicans hyphae. LLLT had an inhibitory effect on the microorganisms, and this capacity can be altered according to the interactions between different microbial species.226502510Marques, M.M., Pereira, A.N., Fujihara, N.A., Nogueira, F.N., Eduardo, C.P., Effect of low-power laser irradiation on protein synthesis and ultrastructure of human gingival fibroblasts (2004) Lasers Surg Med, 34, pp. 260-265Damante, C.A., de Micheli, G., Miyagi, S.P.H., Feist, I.S., Marques, M.M., Effect of laser phototherapy on the release of fibroblast growth factors by human gingival fibroblasts (2009) Lasers Med Sci, 24, pp. 885-891Moritz, A., Schoop, U., Goharkhay, K., Schauer, P., Doertbudak, O., Wernisch, J., Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser (1998) Lasers Surg Med, 22, pp. 302-311Nussbaum, E.L., Lilge, L., Mazzulli, T., Effects of 630-, 660-, 810-, and 905-nm laser irradiation delivering radiant exposure of 1-50 J/cm 2 on three species of bacteria in vitro (2002) J Clin Laser Med Surg, 20, pp. 325-333Nussbaum, E.L., Lilge, L., Mazzulli, T., Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) of 810 nm upon in vitro growth of bacteria: Relevance of irradiance and radiant exposure (2003) J Clin Laser Med Surg, 21, pp. 283-290Lino, M.D.M.C., Carvalho, F.B., Oliveira, L.R., Magalhães, E.B., Pinheiro, A.L.B., Ramalho, L.M.P., Laser phototherapy as a treatment for radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (2011) Braz Dent J, 22, pp. 162-165Maver-Biscanin, M., Mravak-Stipetic, M., Jerolimov, V., Biscanin, A., Fungicidal effect of diode laser irradiation in patients with denture stomatitis (2004) Lasers Surg Med, 35, pp. 259-262Dworkin, M., Endogenous photosensitization in a carotinoidless mutant of Rhodopseudomonas speroides (1958) J Gen Physiol, 43, pp. 1099-1112Rosenberg, B., Kemeny, G., Switzer, R.C., Hamilton, T.C., Quantitative evidence for protein denaturation as the cause of thermal death (1971) Nature, 232, pp. 471-473Krespi, Y.P., Kizhner, V., Nistico, L., Hall-Stoodley, L., Stoodley, P., Laser disruption and killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilms (2011) Am J Otolaryngol, 32, pp. 198-202Shirtliff, M.E., Peters, B.M., Jabra-Rizk, M.A., Cross-kingdom interactions: Candida albicans and bacteria (2009) FEMS Microbiol Lett, 299, pp. 1-8Pereira-Cenci, T., Deng, D.M., Kraneveld, E.A., Manders, E.M.M., del Bel, C.A.A., ten Cate, J.M., The effect of Streptococcus mutans and Candida glabrata on Candida albicans biofilms formed on different surfaces (2008) Arch Oral Biol, 53, pp. 755-764Marsh, P.D., Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and disease (1994) Adv Dent Res, 8, pp. 263-271Karkowska-Kuleta, J., Rapala-Kozik, M., Kozik, A., Fungi pathogenic to humans: Molecular bases of virulence of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus (2009) Acta Biochim Pol, 56, pp. 211-224Thein, Z.M., Samaranayake, Y.H., Samaranayake, L.P., Dietary sugars, serum and the biocide chlorhexidine digluconate modify the population and structural dynamics of mixed Candida albicans and Escherichia coli biofilms (2007) APMIS, 115, pp. 1241-1251Kwieciński, J., Eick, S., Wójcik, K., Effects of tea tre (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil on Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms and stationary phase (2009) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 33, pp. 343-347Wang, Z.C., Fan, L.Y., Jiang, J.Q., Cai, W., Ding, Y., Study on the counting of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric method (2010) Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 28, pp. 306-310Nguyen, P.T.M., Abranches, J., Phan, T., Marquis, R.E., Repressed respiration of oral Streptococci grow in biofilms (2002) Curr Microbiol, 44, pp. 262-266Singleton, S., Treloar, R., Warren, P., Watson, G.K., Hodgson, R., Allison, C., Methods for microscopic characterization of oral biofilms: Analysis of colonization, microstructure, and molecular transport phenomena (1997) Adv Dent Res, 11, pp. 133-149Jarosz, L.M., Deng, D.M., van der Mei, H.C., Crielaard, W., Krom, B.P., Streptococcus mutans competence-stimulating peptide inhibits Candida albicans hypha formation (2009) Eukaryot Cell, 8, pp. 1658-1664Dortbudak, O., Haas, R., Bernhart, T., Mailath-Pokorny, G., Lethal photosensitization for decontamination of implant surface in the treatment of peri-implantitis (2001) Clin Oral Implant Res, 12, pp. 104-10

Evaluation of acute effect of light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy on muscle deoxygenation and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics in patients with diabetes mellitus : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is responsible for a significant reduction in the quality of life due to its negative impact on functional capacity. Cardiopulmonary fitness impairment in DM patients has been associated with limited tissue oxygenation. Phototherapy is widely utilized to treat several disorders due to expected light-tissue interaction. This type of therapy may help to improve muscular oxygenation, thereby increasing aerobic fitness and functional capacity. METHODS/DESIGN: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of S\ue3o Carlos and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Four separate tests will be performed to evaluate the acute effect of phototherapy. All participants will receive both interventions in random order: light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) and placebo, with a minimum 14-day interval between sessions (washout period). Immediately after the intervention, participants will perform moderate constant workload cycling exercise corresponding to 80 % of the pulmonary oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] during the gas exchange threshold (GET). LEDT will be administered with a multidiode cluster probe (50 GaAIA LEDs, 850 \u3b7m, 75 mW each diode, and 3 J per point) before each exercise session. Pulmonary oxygen uptake, muscle oxygenation, heart rate, and arterial pressure will be measured using a computerized metabolic cart, a near-infrared spectrometer, an electrocardiogram, and a photoplethysmography system, respectively. DISCUSSION: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the acute effects of muscular pre-conditioning using LED phototherapy on pulmonary oxygen uptake, muscle oxygenation, heart rate, and arterial pressure dynamics during dynamic moderate exercise. We hypothesize that phototherapy may be beneficial to optimize aerobic fitness in the DM population. Data will be published after the study is completed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under trial number NCT01889784 (date of registration 5 June 2013)