Sick leaves among nursing professionals in basic healthcare centers of the Brazilian National Unified Healthcare System - SUS - in the city of Campinas

This report aims to analyze sick leave rates among healthcare professionals from 16 Basic Healthcare Units of the Brazilian National Unified Healthcare System (SUS) in the Municipality of Campinas during 2002. Data on worked days and sick leaves of 311 nurses and nursing aides working at Healthcare Centers of the North and East regions of the municipality of Campinas were obtained at the central administration, in order to calculate the frequency, severity and proportion of lost working time. Variables used were time on the job, job title, gender and weekly hour load. Results of the present study were compared with other published reports on sick leave rates in hospitals, manufacturing, and service settings. Most of the studied population comprised nursing aides and other healthcare technicians (82.6%), 90.6% had a weekly work load of 36 hours, and 93.5% of the group were women. Absenteeism frequency rate was of 2.88 new sick leaves per employee/year. The severity index was of 12.27 lost working days per employee/year, and the proportion of work time lost was 5.56% a year. Registered Nurses had lower frequency rates than nursing aides and technicians. Findings pointed to higher indexes and rates when compared with hospital data from other publications. A proposal is presented to minimize this phenomenon that results from the impact of conditions that are unfavorable to workers' health, through the reduction of the workload and the improvement of public health policy for this group of workers.O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar índices de absenteísmo-doença entre profissionais de enfermagem de 16 Unidades Básicas de Saúde do Município de Campinas durante o ano de 2002. Foram obtidos junto à seção de Recursos Humanos Descentralizados dados de assiduidade de 311 trabalhadores de enfermagem de Centros de Saúde dos Distrito Norte e Leste do Município de Campinas, e calculados os índices de freqüência, gravidade e proporção de tempo perdido. As variáveis disponibilizadas foram tempo de trabalho na função, categoria funcional, sexo e carga horária semanal. Dados de pesquisas realizadas sobre absenteísmo com pessoal de hospital e do ramo industrial e empresarial foram utilizados para a análise e comparação com o presente estudo. A função de técnico ou auxiliar de enfermagem representou a maioria da população (82,6%), a jornada de trabalho de 36 horas semanais foi realizada por 90,6% dos pesquisados e 93,5% eram do sexo feminino. O índice de freqüência de absenteísmo foi de 2,88 afastamentos iniciados por empregado/ ano, o de gravidade foi de 12,27 dias perdidos por empregado/ano, e a proporção de tempo perdido foi de 5,56% ao ano. Os enfermeiros tiveram índice de freqüência menor que o de auxiliares e técnicos. Os índices encontrados neste trabalho foram maiores do que a maioria dos estudos realizados com profissionais de hospitais. A fim de minimizar o fenômeno como reflexo do impacto das condições desfavoráveis para a saúde do trabalhador, propõe-se diminuir da exposição às cargas de trabalho e melhorar a política de saúde do trabalhador para os servidores da categoria.40140

Proximity effect and strong coupling superconductivity in nanostructures built with an STM

We present high resolution tunneling spectroscopy data at very low temperatures on superconducting nanostructures of lead built with an STM. By applying magnetic fields, superconductivity is restricted to length scales of the order of the coherence length. We measure the tunneling conductance and analyze the phonon structure and the low energy DOS. We demonstrate the influence of the geometry of the system on the magnetic field dependence of the tunneling density of states, which is gapless in a large range of fields. The behavior of the features in the tunneling conductance associated to phonon modes are explained within current models.Comment: 4 figures, 4 page

Fluctuations and Dissipation of Coherent Magnetization

A quantum mechanical model is used to derive a generalized Landau-Lifshitz equation for a magnetic moment, including fluctuations and dissipation. The model reproduces the Gilbert-Brown form of the equation in the classical limit. The magnetic moment is linearly coupled to a reservoir of bosonic degrees of freedom. Use of generalized coherent states makes the semiclassical limit more transparent within a path-integral formulation. A general fluctuation-dissipation theorem is derived. The magnitude of the magnetic moment also fluctuates beyond the Gaussian approximation. We discuss how the approximate stochastic description of the thermal field follows from our result. As an example, we go beyond the linear-response method and show how the thermal fluctuations become anisotropy-dependent even in the uniaxial case.Comment: 22 page