Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro micro-propagation of Kufri Frysona

In the present investigation, experiment was conducted for in vitro micro-propagation with different concentration of growth regulators in different explants Sprouts and Shoot tips of potato cultivar Kufri Frysona. The maximum survival percentage (40) of sprouts and (100%) of shoot tips were obtained when the explants were surface sterilized with 0.2% bavistin & 0.4% streptocyclin (45minutes) and 0.1% mercuric chloride (60seconds). Sterilized explants were inoculated on MS basal supplemented with various growth regulators and established successfully. The maximum shoot induction (62.5±1.44%) in 11.3±0.33 days and (74.0 ± 2.13 %) in 10.0 ± 0.50 days were reported on medium PM1 (BAP 0.25 mg/l) in sprouts and shoot tip explants respectively. The sprouted explants were further sub-cultured on MS media supplemented with various growth regulator alone and in combination for in vitro multiplication. In Kufri Frysona (11.2) shoots were obtained on MS medium fortified with 0.25mg/l BAP + 0.01mg/l IAA on 42th day of subculture. In vitro rooting was observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l NAA in Kufri Frysona after 10 days. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in green house using different types of potting mixture and finally transferred to field. The protocol will be very useful for large-scale production of disease free planting material of potato (S. tuberosum) in future

High precision temperature controlling AGPase in wheat affecting yield and quality traits

Adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the rate limiting enzyme of starch biosynthesis that directly affects the wheat productivity. AGPase and grain growth rate (GGR) discerned to be following strict temperature regimen in wheat disomic chromosome substitution (DCS) lines. The first half of grain filling period had chromosome 1B and 2D as prominent players, whereas second half was mainly controlled by chromosomes 6A and 5B. Chromosome 2D had major contribution towards yield in a specific temperature range of 23 ± 1.5 °C during initial stages of grain filling which can serve as an effective early screening tool for terminal heat tolerance in wheat. Chromosome 2D with highest amylose content can also be utilized to produce low digestibility flour. Grain yield was found to be significantly associated with spikes/plant, grains/spike, grain weight/spike and plant biomass. Further, path analysis indicated that though grains/spike had less direct effect on grain yield but its indirect impact on grain yield via AGPase-21 activity was high

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Not AvailableThe purpose of this paper is to give a method of analysis of experiments involving the quantity of a fertilizer applied in splits at different crop growth stages suitable for interpolating responses at points not tried in the experiment as treatment. The method of analysis has been demonstrated with an illustration.Not Availabl

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Research articleInformation about the changes in soil properties upon change in the agricultural management system is essential for sustainability of the system. The long-term (15 years) impact of zero tillage in wheat under rice–wheat cropping system in semi-arid region of Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) was evaluated for physical properties, organic carbon build up, root growth and wheat productivity in different textured soils. The conventional (CT, two harrowing, one cultivator and planking) and zero tillage (ZT, direct drilling) systems were investigated. ZT increased soil organic carbon significantly to a depth of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.25 m in sandy loam, loam and clay loam soil, respectively, indicating its buildup to deeper depths with increase in fineness of soil texture. Carbon stock in surface 0.4 m soil depth increased by 19.0, 34.7 and 38.8% over CT in 15 years in sandy loam, loam and clay loam soil, respectively. The corresponding carbon sequestration rates were 0.24, 0.46 and 0.62 Mg ha1 year1 . It reduced the plough pan, however, a significant increase in bulk density was observed in surface 0.05 m in sandy loam and 0.10 m in both loam and clay loam soils. Water dispersible silt + clay reduced indicating better soil aggregation. Saturated hydraulic conductivity increased significantly only to a depth of 0.10 m but with varying magnitudes. Increase in magnitude in surface 0.05 m layer was highest in loam (51%) followed by sandy loam (40%) and clay loam (38%) soil. Although ZT increased water retention and aeration porosity but increase in field water capacity was significant to a deeper depth (0.15 m) in clay loam soil. Water intake rate also increased significantly in clay loam soil (28%) over CT. The root biomass increased significantly and the highest increase was recorded in loam (81%) followed by sandy loam (70%) and clay loam (42%) soil. In addition, ZT encouraged roots to penetration deeper in the soils. In spite of improved soil physical properties and root growth under ZT, the significant increase in mass of grains and consequently the wheat yield, was observed only in clay loam soil indicating that the physical properties of other soils under CT have not reached to a stage limiting plant growth and yields. Study concludes that the ZT practice in wheat under rice–wheat system of semi-arid region of IGP in Haryana may be adopted for sustaining productivity of the system but the implementation of the practice must be promoted in fine textured soils.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableInformation about the changes in soil properties upon change in the agricultural management system isessential for sustainability of the system. The long-term (15 years) impact of zero tillage in wheat underrice–wheat cropping system in semi-arid region of Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) was evaluated for physicalproperties, organic carbon build up, root growth and wheat productivity in different textured soils. Theconventional (CT, two harrowing, one cultivator and planking) and zero tillage (ZT, direct drilling)systems were investigated.ZT increased soil organic carbon significantly to a depth of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.25 m in sandy loam, loamand clay loam soil, respectively, indicating its buildup to deeper depths with increase in fineness of soiltexture. Carbon stock in surface 0.4 m soil depth increased by 19.0, 34.7 and 38.8% over CT in 15 years insandy loam, loam and clay loam soil, respectively. The corresponding carbon sequestration rates were0.24, 0.46 and 0.62 Mg ha1year1. It reduced the plough pan, however, a significant increase in bulkdensity was observed in surface 0.05 m in sandy loam and 0.10 m in both loam and clay loam soils. Waterdispersible silt + clay reduced indicating better soil aggregation. Saturated hydraulic conductivityincreased significantly only to a depth of 0.10 m but with varying magnitudes. Increase in magnitude insurface 0.05 m layer was highest in loam (51%) followed by sandy loam (40%) and clay loam (38%) soil.Although ZT increased water retention and aeration porosity but increase in field water capacity wassignificant to a deeper depth (0.15 m) in clay loam soil. Water intake rate also increased significantly inclay loam soil (28%) over CT. The root biomass increased significantly and the highest increase wasrecorded in loam (81%) followed by sandy loam (70%) and clay loam (42%) soil. In addition, ZTencouraged roots to penetration deeper in the soils.In spite of improved soil physical properties and root growth under ZT, the significant increase inmass of grains and consequently the wheat yield, was observed only in clay loam soil indicating that thephysical properties of other soils under CT have not reached to a stage limiting plant growth and yields.Study concludes that the ZT practice in wheat under rice–wheat system of semi-arid region of IGP inHaryana may be adopted for sustaining productivity of the system but the implementation of thepractice must be promoted in fine textured soils.Not Availabl

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Not Availablealpha-designs are essentially resolvable block designs. In a resolvable block design, the blocks can be grouped such that in each group, every treatment appears exactly once. Resolvable block designs allow performing an experiment one replication at a time. For example, field trials with large number of crop varieties cannot always be laid out in a single location or a single season. Therefore, it is desired that variation due to location or time periods may also be controlled along with controlling within location or time period variation. This can be handled by using resolvable block designs. Here, locations or time periods may be taken as replications and the variation within a location or a time period can be taken care of by blocking. In an agricultural experiment, for example, the land may be divided into a number of large areas corresponding to the replications and then each area is subdivided into blocks. These designs are also quite useful for varietal trials conducted in the NARS and will help in improving the precision of treatment comparisons. A critical look at the experimentation in the NARS reveals that alpha designs have not found much favour from the experimenters. It may possibly be due to the fact that the experimenters may find it difficult to lay their hands on these alpha-designs. The construction of these designs is not easy. An experimenter has to get associated with a statistician to get a randomized layout of this design. For the benefit of the experimenters, a comprehensive catalogue of alpha-designs for 6 <=v(= sk) <= 150, 2 <= r <= 5, 3 <= k <= 10 and 2 <= s <= 15 has been prepared along with lower bounds to A- and D- efficiencies and generating arrays. The layout of these designs along with block contents has also been prepared. The designs obtained have been compared with corresponding Square Lattice, Rectangular Lattice, Resolvable two-associate Partially Balanced Incomplete Block (PBIB (2)) designs and the alpha-designs obtainable from basic arrays given by Patterson et al. (1978). Eleven designs are more efficient than the corresponding resolvable PBIB (2) designs (S11, S38, S69, S114, LS8, LS30, LS54, LS76, LS89, LS126 and LS140). It is interesting to note here that for the PBIB (2) designs based on Latin square association scheme, the concurrences of the treatments were 0 or 2 and for singular group divisible designs the concurrences are either 1 or 5. Further all the designs LS8, LS30, LS54, LS76, LS89, LS126 and LS140 were obtained by taking two copies of a design with 2-replications. 10 designs were found to be more efficient than the designs obtainable from basic arrays. 48 designs (29 with k = 4 and 19 with k = 3) are more efficient than the designs obtainable by dualization of basic arrays. 25 designs have been obtained for which no corresponding resolvable solution of PBIB(2) designs is available in literature. The list of corresponding resolvable PBIB(2) designs is S28, S86, SR18, SR41, SR52, SR58, SR66, SR75, SR80, R42, R70, R97, R109, R139, T14, T16, T20, T44, T48, T49, T72, T73, T86, T87 and M16. Here X# denotes the design of type X at serial number # in Clatworthy(1973).Not Availabl

Transcranial Doppler: Techniques and advanced applications: Part 2

10.4103/0972-2327.173407Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology191102-10

Superconductivity and growth kinetics of multifilamentary Nb Sn

SIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe; available from UB/TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman