Standalone hydrogen generator based on chemical decomposition of water by aluminum

AbstractA standalone hydrogen generator (SHG) has been developed based on chemical decomposition of water in heterogeneous compositions containing finely dispersed aluminum powder and crystallohydrates of sodium metasilicate. The kinetics of hydrogen generation has been studied depending on constants of the aluminum activation and oxidation rate, and aluminum and oxygen concentrations. In the hydrogen accumulation kinetics, the length of the induction period is determined by the concentration of oxygen. The SHG design, hydrogen selection and capacity are discussed. The availability and low cost of domestically manufactured chemical agents make the SHG a promising choice as the source of hydrogen for various applications, including nuclear power plants (NPP)

Study of Hydrogen Generation of Aluminum-Containing Compositions with Boric Acid

The results of investigations of the kinetics of hydrogen generation compositions with aluminum, chemical activators (hydrated sodium metasilicate, oxide and calcium hydroxide) boric acid. Aluminium and its alloys used for the manufacture of protective sheaths of fuel elements and control rod protection system management, pipelines, tanks, and various support structures in the active zone of atomic reactors RBMK, research water-cooled reactors. The aluminum is protected from direct contact with water and steam surface layer of metal oxide having a high corrosion resistance at high temperatures in powerful radiation fields. However, after removal or when the discontinuity of the oxide layer of activated metal efficiently decompose water to hydrogen. It is established that the hydrogen aluminum-containing compositions is dependent on the concentration of boric acid. The discovery of the involvement of boric acid in these reactions expands the ideas about regularities of chemical processes of formation of hydrogen flowing in the water coolant of VVER reactors with the participation of the corrective additives and impurities

Radioluminescence degradation of scintillators on a basis of polystyrene and poly-2,4-dimethylstyrene, the ways of their radiating stability increasing

Spectra of radioluminescence of plastic scintillators on a basis of polystyrene and poly-2,4-dimethylstyrene under an influence of γ-radiation are obtained. It is shown that the most effective quenchers are macroradicals, on which a transmission of excitation energy from “initial” luminescent additives occurs. The ways to increase PS radiating stability are proposed.Получены спектры радиолюминесценции пластмассовых сцинтилляторов на основе полистирола и поли-2,4-диметилстирола при воздействии на них γ-излучения. Показано, что наиболее эффективными тушителями являются макрорадикалы, на которые происходит перенос энергии возбуждения с первичной люминесцирующей добавки. Предложены способы повышения радиационной стойкости ПС.Одержано спектри радіолюмінесценції пластмасових сцинтиляторів на основі полістиролу та полі-2,4- диметилстиролу під дією γ-випромінювання. Показано, що найбільш ефективними гасниками є макрорадикали, на які відбувається перенос енергії збудження з первинної люмінесціючої домішки. Запропоновано способи підвищення радіаційної стійкості ПС