Defects and radiation-enhanced defect reactions in ZnSe/(001)GaAs MBE layers

Optical and structural properties of undoped ZnSe epilayers with thickness ranging from 0.5 to 2 mm grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs (001) substrates have been investigated by depth resolved optical and X-ray methods. It was found that the epilayers with thicknesses above some value (>1 μm) contain three regions of different structural and optical quality. It is shown that two of these regions (near top surface and near interface ones) contain higher defect density. The nature of luminescence line at 446.1nm (4.2 K) is discussed. It was found that the radiation enhanced defect reactions occurred in the top surface region of epilayer

Relativistic Laser-Matter Interaction and Relativistic Laboratory Astrophysics

The paper is devoted to the prospects of using the laser radiation interaction with plasmas in the laboratory relativistic astrophysics context. We discuss the dimensionless parameters characterizing the processes in the laser and astrophysical plasmas and emphasize a similarity between the laser and astrophysical plasmas in the ultrarelativistic energy limit. In particular, we address basic mechanisms of the charged particle acceleration, the collisionless shock wave and magnetic reconnection and vortex dynamics properties relevant to the problem of ultrarelativistic particle acceleration.Comment: 58 pages, 19 figure

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ПРЕПАРАТА АСД-3 ПРИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ДИСТАЛЬНОГО ОТДЕЛА КОНЕЧНОСТЕЙ У КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА

An urgent problem of dairy farming is the fight against diseases of the distal extremities in cows. The report presents the effectiveness of the use of ASD-3 in diseases of the distal extremities in cattle. It was shown that in case of purulent pododermatitis, despite the fact that the total number of treatments in the control and experimental groups did not differ significantly, the period of cleansing the lesion in the cows of the experimental group (ASD-3 and Zhitnyuk's powder were used) was significantly less than the corresponding indicator in the control group (used "Chemi-spray") 1.85 times (p < 0.01).Актуальной проблемой молочного животноводства является борьба с болезнями дистального отдела конечностей у коров. Представлена эффективность применения препарата АСД-3 при заболеваниях дистального отдела конечностей у крупного рогатого скота. Показано, что при гнойных пододерматитах, несмотря на то, что общее количество обработок в контрольной и опытной группах существенно не отличалось, срок очищения очага поражения у коров опытной группы (применяли АСД-3 и присыпку Житнюка) был значительно меньше соответствующего показателя в группе контроля (использовали «Чеми-спрей») в 1,85 раза (р < 0,01)

Parameters of nonspecific resistance of calves with respiratory pathology before and after treatment

Objective: The research was conducted to study the effect of a complex antimicrobial drug with an anti-inflammatory effect and an antimicrobial drug with an immunostimulating effect on the parameters of nonspecific resistance in calves. Materials and Methods: Two groups (n = 5 each) of sick calves with respiratory pathology were selected for this study. For the treatment of the first experimental group, a complex antimicrobial drug Sulfetrisan® was used. The second experimental group of the calves was intramuscularly injected with the experimental drug gentaaminoseleferon (GIA). To assess the cellular component of immunity in the blood before and after treatment, the number of white blood cells, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, phagocytic number, and phagocytic index (PhI) were determined. In addition, for assessing the humoral component, serum complement activity (SCA), serum lysozyme activity, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), circulating immune complexes (CIC), and total immunoglobulins (total Ig) were measured. The results were compared with the baseline parameters of healthy calves of the control group. Results: When studying the parameters of the humoral and cellular components of nonspecific resistance, it was found that in sick animals, compared with healthy ones, respiratory pathology was accompanied by an imbalance in the immune system. In the process of recovery in animals of the experimental groups under the effect of the drugs, positive changes occurred. However, many of the studied parameters did not reach the values of healthy animals. In the group of calves that received GIA, compared with the calves given Sulfetrisan®, a significant increase in PhI (p < 0.05), SBA (p < 0.006), SCA (p < 0.05), total Ig (p < 0.0005), and CIC (p < 0.05) was observed, which indicated an increase in natural resistance due to the immunostimulating action. Conclusion: The use of GIA in sick animals added to an increase in the general nonspecific cellular and humoral resistance of calves, which made it possible to increase therapeutic efficacy and shorten their recovery time © 2021. The authors. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Cognitive aspects of human motor activity: Contribution of right hemisphere and cerebellum

Background. Concepts of movement and action are not completely synonymous, but what distinguishes one from the other? Movement may be defined as stimulus- driven motor acts, while action implies realization of a specific motor goal, essential for cognitively driven behavior. Although recent clinical and neuroimaging studies have revealed some areas of the brain that mediate cognitive aspects of human motor behavior, the identification of the basic neural circuit underlying the interaction between cognitive and motor functions remains a challenge for neurophysiology and psychology. Objective. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate elementary cognitive aspects of human motor behavior. Design. Twenty healthy right-handed volunteers were asked to perform stimulus-driven and goal-directed movements by clenching the right hand into a fist (7 times). The cognitive component lay in anticipation of simple stimuli signals. In order to disentangle the purely motor component of stimulus-driven movements, we used the event-related (ER) paradigm. FMRI was performed on a 3 Tesla Siemens Magnetom Verio MR-scanner with 32-channel head coil. Results. We have shown differences in the localization of brain activity depending on the involvement of cognitive functions. These differences testify to the role of the cerebellum and the right hemisphere in motor cognition. In particular, our results suggest that right associative cortical areas, together with the right posterolateral cerebellum (Crus I and lobule VI) and basal ganglia, de ne cognitive control of motor activity, promoting a shift from a stimulus-driven to a goal-directed mode. Conclusion. These results, along with recent data from research on cerebro-cerebellar circuitry, redefine the scope of tasks for exploring the contribution of the cerebellum to diverse aspects of human motor behavior and cognition