Prospects for intranasal drug delivery systems with Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of cerebral circulatory disorders

Purpose: To analyze the range of currently available nasal medicines, and to study extant information on the use of Ginkgo biloba herbal complexes for the treatment of cerebral circulatory disorders of different etiologies. The study dwelt on the features and prospects of intranasal drug administration. Currently, intranasal administration is used primarily for the treatment of local symptoms. However, it has a much higher potential: the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity offers an opportunity for noninvasive treatment using systemic administration. Methods: The study involved the analysis of materials from information-retrieval systems, library databases, patent databases, and scientific information repositories such as e-Library. PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, as well as materials from the websites of manufacturers of herbal medicinal products and other herbal substances. Results: Herbal medicinal products have great potential in terms of intranasal administration. This is especially true of herbal medicines obtained through extraction of leaves of Ginkgo biloba, which have a broad spectrum of action, i.e., anti-aggregatory, venotonic, nootropic, anti-hypoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, membrane-stabilizing, and capillary-protective effects. The range of Ginkgo biloba-based medicines calls for expansion, and this testifies to a good potential of these products in terms of further research and use. The analysis of literature and technical information showed the existence of a wide range of nasal medicines currently in use. However, only few drugs are used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. Furthermore, there are no herbal medicines among these drugs, despite obvious advantages of herbal products such as ease of use, high bioavailability, and systemic action potential. Conclusion: The current status of research on nasal dosage forms of Ginkgo biloba herbal complexes warrants further development involving biopharmaceutical and pharmacological studies

Conformality or confinement: (IR)relevance of topological excitations

We study aspects of the conformality to confinement transition for non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with fermions in arbitrary chiral or vectorlike representations. We use the presence or absence of mass gap for gauge fluctuations as an identifier of the infrared behavior. Present-day understanding does not allow the mass gap for gauge fluctuations to be computed on R*4. However, recent progress allows its non-perturbative computation on R*3xS*1 by using either the twisted partition function or deformation theory, for a range of S*1 sizes depending on the theory. For small number of fermions, Nf, we show that the mass gap increases with increasing radius, due to the non-dilution of monopoles and bions, the topological excitations relevant for confinement on R*3xS*1. For sufficiently large Nf, we show that the mass gap decreases with increasing radius. In a class of theories, we claim that the decompactification limit can be taken while remaining within the region of validity of semi-classical techniques, giving the first examples of semiclassically solvable Yang-Mills theories at any size S*1. For general non-supersymmetric vectorlike or chiral theories, we conjecture that the change in the behavior of the mass gap on R*3xS*1 as a function of the radius occurs near the lower boundary of the conformal window and give non-perturbative estimates of its value. For vectorlike theories, we compare our estimates of the conformal window with existing lattice results, truncations of the Schwinger-Dyson equations, NSVZ beta function-inspired estimates, and degree of freedom counting criteria. For multi-generation chiral gauge theories, to the best of our knowledge, our estimates of the conformal window are the only known ones.Comment: 40 pages, 3 figures; modified various comments, reference adde

Technological coaxial plasma accelerator

Plasma sources for accelerators intended for separation processes and surface treatment have been investigated. The conditions for the choice of system parameters, as well as plasma flux, injection system, and power source have been discussed. These parameters have been obtained experimentally. A conclusion about the role of metal erosion products of the electrodes has also been drawn.Исследуются плазменные источники-ускорители для процессов сепарации и обработки поверхностей. Обсуждаются условия выбора параметров системы, плазменного потока, системы напуска газа, источника питания. Экспериментально получены их параметры. Сделан вывод о роли металлических продуктов эрозии электродов.Досліджуються плазмові джерела прискорювачів для процесів сепарації та обробки поверхонь. Обговорюються умови вибору параметрів системи, плазмового потоку, системи напуску газа, джерела живлення. Експериментально одержані їх параметри. Зроблені висновки щодо металевих продуктів ерозії електродів

In search of the QCD-Gravity correspondence

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory of strong interactions. It describes the behavior of quarks and gluons which are the smallest known constituents of nuclear matter. The difficulties in solving the theory at low energies in the strongly interacting, non-perturbative regime have left unanswered many important questions in QCD, such as the nature of confinement or the mechanism of hadronization. In these lectures oriented towards the students we introduce two classes of dualities that attempt to reproduce many of the features of QCD, while making the treatment at strong coupling more tractable: (1) the AdS/CFT correspondence between a specific class of string theories and a conformal field theory and (2) an effective low-energy theory of QCD dual to classical QCD on a curved conformal gravitational background. The hope is that by applying these dualities to the evaluation of various properties of the strongly-interacting matter produced in heavy ion collisions one can understand how QCD behaves at strong coupling. We give an outline of the applications, with emphasis on two transport coefficients of QCD matter -- shear and bulk viscosities.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures; Lectures delivered by D. Kharzeev at the International QGP Winter School, Jaipur, India, February 1-3, 200

Meson Spectra and Magnetic Fields in the Sakai-Sugimoto Model

We continue our study of the dynamics of the flavour sector of the Sakai-Sugimoto model in the presence of an external magnetic field, uncovering several features of the meson spectrum at high and low temperatures. We employ both analytical and numerical methods to study the coupled non-linear equations that result from the gravity dual.Comment: 44 pages, multiple figure

Assessment succession of student's goes in for table tennis.

The questions of working out of the criteria for assessment the results of students by subject "Physical education" (table tennis section) are considered. The article focuses on variants of assessing the results physical training employment of the students under the credit and module system. Norms in general and special physical training are given. It's emphasized that there is no common system of assessment the results of students; the model of sectional form of physical training is worked out not enough