COFFIN OF NESYTAUDJATAKHET IN THE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The present article is a study of the XXI dynasty coffin from the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). The inner coffin belonging to the priestess Nesytaudjatakhet (Nsy-i3-wd3t-3ht) originates from a famous hidden tomb of Theban priests at Bab el-Gasus. For the first time the publication contains both a complete description and interpretation of religious and mythological scenes covering the coffin, and a reproduction of hieroglyphic inscriptions written on it. A special attention is paid to the significance of Nesytaudjatakhet' titles - "chantress of Amun-Re", "musician of the choir of Mut"

COFFIN OF NESYTAUDJATAKHET IN THE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

The present article is a study of the XXI dynasty coffin from the Egyptian collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). The inner coffin belonging to the priestess Nesytaudjatakhet (Nsy-i3-wd3t-3ht) originates from a famous hidden tomb of Theban priests at Bab el-Gasus. For the first time the publication contains both a complete description and interpretation of religious and mythological scenes covering the coffin, and a reproduction of hieroglyphic inscriptions written on it. A special attention is paid to the significance of Nesytaudjatakhet' titles - "chantress of Amun-Re", "musician of the choir of Mut"

О НЕКОТОРЫХ АСПЕКТАХ САКРАЛЬНОЙ РОЛИ ВЕЛИКОЙ ЦАРСКОЙ СУПРУГИ В ПЕРИОД ПРАВЛЕНИЯ АМЕНХОТЕПА III И ЭХНАТОНА

The paper deals with the sacral role of the Great King’s Wife in the context of the ideology of the second half of the Eighteength dynasty, particularly during the reigns ofAmenhotep III and Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten). The author believes that the sacral role of the King’s Wife consists of two interconnected aspects: the cultic and ceremonial aspect and the theological one. The main attention of the study is paid to the revealing of possible ideological premises of the unprecedented rise of principal female representatives of the Royal Family, Queens Tiyi and Nefertity. The main evidence of the important position of both Queens is mainly attested not only by new elements of their iconography, but also by their titles and epithets. The overview of available figurative and epigraphic sources related to Tiyi let to conclude the direct connection between the official manner of representation of the Royal couple as a divine couple and new theological tendencies in the Egyptian religion under Amenhotep III.According to the author’s point of view, the “new solar theology” developed during the second part of Amenhotep III’s reign with its specific concentration on the idea of the supreme solar deity. It was a starting point of radical sun-worshipping reform of Akhenaten. In this context, the unusually important position and the sacral role of Nefertity is viewed as a consequence of further development of theological thought of the preceding reign. Thus, some symbolic elements of Nefertity’s iconography (especially of the early years of Akhenaten’s reign) allow talking about a continuity to some degree of ideological traditions characteristic for Amenhotep III’s time. In connection with the hypothesis concerning the presumed adaptation by Akhenaten of the ancient Heliopolitan cosmogony the question of Nefertity divine status in the Amarnian theological system is also raised.Предметом статьи является исследование сакральной роли великой супруги царя (ḥmt nswt wrt) в контексте идеологии времени правления царей второй половины XVIII династии - Аменхотепа III и Аменхотепа IV (Эхнатона). Сущность сакральной роли главных представительниц царской семьи - Тии и Нефертити - определяется автором как совокупность культово-церемониального и теологического аспектов. Особое внимание в статье уделяется идеологическим предпосылкам беспрецедентного возвышения обеих царских жен - Тии и в еще большей степени Нефертити. Краткий обзор изобразительных и эпиграфических источников, относящихся к Тии, с точки зрения автора, позволяет сделать вывод о прямой связи между официальной репрезентацией царской пары как божественной и новыми теологическими тенденциями в египетской религии.Получившая при Аменхотепе III развитие «новая солнечная теология», характеризующаяся концентрацией на идее верховного солнечного божества, явилась предвосхищением радикальной религиозной реформы Аменхотепа IV (Эхнатона) в виде культа Атона. Исходя из этого, необычное положение и сакральная роль Нефертити в контексте «амарнской религии» отчасти рассматриваются как следствие дальнейшего развития теологических построений и преемственности традиций предшествующего царствования. В связи с гипотезой об адаптации Эхнатоном древней гелиопольской космогонии автором также поднимается вопрос о роли Нефертити в амарнской теологической системе как вероятного олицетворения божественного женского начала

Once again to the dating of the portrait of the Egyptian queen in the collection of the pushkin state museum of fine arts (I,1a 5355)

The article is devoted to the controversial dating of the sculptural portrait of the anonymous queen, originating from the former collection of V.S. Golenischeff (The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. Inv. no. I, 1a 5355). B.A. Turaeff and later V.V. Pavlov dated the portrait of a queen to the Libyan or the Kushite Period (XXII and XXV Dynasties respectively) as being close to statues of Karomama and Takushit’s type. V.V. Pavlov inclined to date the Moscow portrait to the XXV Dynasty. The supposed dating of the portrait to the XXII–XXV Dynasties remained accepted until the publication in 2004 of a new catalogue of Egyptian sculpture in the collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts. In the short article related to the portrait, O.D. Berlev dated it to the Amarna period and regarded it as the depiction of Nefertiti. The author of the present study considers this attribution as improbable. A thorough comparative analysis based on iconographic and stylistic peculiarities of the portrait of the anonymous queen led to the conclusion that the previous dating to the later date is preferable. For the revised dating of the portrait, other images of the Kushite Period (XXV Dynasty) are drawn – notably, the reliefs of Shepenwepet I and Amenirdis I in the sanctuary of Osiris-kheka-djet at Karnak and a copper figurine of a woman from the Fitzwilliam Museum (Inv. E.GA.4378.1943). Moreover, the closest parallel to the Moscow portrait is found – this is previously unpublished sculptural representation of an anonymous queen from the collection of the August Kestner Museum in Hanover (Inv. 1935.200.122). © 2020, Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

COFFIN OF THE PRIESTESS NESYTAUDJATAKHET IN THE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN (ADDENDUM)

The present article is an addition to the author's previous detailed publication of the XXI dynasty anthropoid coffin of the Theban priestess Nesytaudjatakhet from the collection of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). The article contains an updated publication of the decorative program of the coffin's lid and its inscriptions, until recently hidden under protective paper labels

COFFIN OF ANKHEF (nh.f) IN THE COLLECTION OF THE IVANOVO REGIONAL ART MUSEUM

The article presents a detailed publication of the anthropoid "yellow coffin" of Ankhef (XXI dynasty), now in the collection of the Ivanovo Regional Art Museum (Inv. no. A-601). The publication establishes the circumstances under which the coffin entered the Ivanovo museum and reveals the precise sequence of its previous owners. For the first time the publication gives a concise description of the decorative program of the coffin and a graphic reproduction of all hieroglyphic inscriptions with their transliteration. In attempt to specify the social status of Ankhef the question of the title kr'w meaning is raised. A careful study of the coffin has revealed signs of its redecoration and subsequent reuse for the burial of a new owner

Geoantineutrino Spectrum, ³He/⁴He-ratio Distribution in the Earth's Interior and Slow Nuclear Burning of the Liquid and Solid Phases of the Earth's Core

The description problem of geoantineutrino spectrum and reactor antineutrino experimental spectrum in KamLAND, which takes place for antineutrino energy ~ 2.8 MeV, and also the experimental results of the interaction of uranium dioxide and carbide with iron-nickel and silica-alumina melts at high pressure (5-10 GPа) and temperature (1600-2200°C) have motivated us to consider the possible consequences of the assumption made by V.Anisichkin and coauthors that there is an actinid shell on boundary of liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core. We have shown that the activation of a natural nuclear reactor operating as the solitary waves of nuclear burning in ²³⁸U- and/or ²³²Th-medium (in particular, the neutron-fission progressive wave of Feoktistov and/or Teller-Ishikawa-Wood) can be such a physical consequence. The simplified model of the kinetics of accumulation and burnup in U-Pu fuel cycle of Feoktistov is developed. The results of the numerical simulation of neutron-fission wave in two-phase UO₂/Fe medium on a surface of the Earth's solid core are presented. The georeactor model of 3He origin and the ³He/⁴He-ratio distribution in the Earth’s interior is offered. It is shown that the ³He/⁴He ratio distribution can be the natural quantitative criterion of georeactor thermal power. On the basis of O'Nions-Evensen-Hamilton geochemical model of mantle differentiation and the crust growth supplied by actinid shell on the boundary of liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core as a nuclear energy source (georeactor with power of 30 TW), the tentative estimation of geoantineutrino intensity and geoantineutrino spectrum on the Earth surface are given