Проблемы формально-механистического подхода к выявлению плагиата в научных работах

The effectiveness of research teams and scientists is largely estimated by their publication activity. One indicator of the quality of scientific work is the absence of plagiarism. The purpose of this paper was to consider the problems that arise with the formal-mechanistic approach to the detection of plagiarism in scientific papers. The questions of the correlation of meaning and plagiarism; quoting your own work; quoting and inaccurate quoting; the use of generally accepted expressions, laws, definitions; the need to refine anti-plagiarism systems are considered. It is shown that due to the fact that anti-plagiarism systems do not analyze the meaning of the text, “overdiagnosis” occurs. As a result of an uncritical approach to the conclusions of such systems, the writing of scientific papers becomes more complicated. The necessity of developing more accurate criteria for determining what is plagiarized in scientific papers is noted. Some suggestions were made to reduce the shortcomings of the formal approach.Оценка результативности научных коллективов и ученых в значительной мере осуществляется по их публикационной активности. Одним из показателей качества научных работ является отсутствие в них плагиата. Целью настоящей статьи являлось рассмотрение проблем, возникающих при формально-механистическом подходе к выявлению плагиата в научных работах. Рассмотрены вопросы соотношения смысла и плагиата; цитирования собственных работ; цитирования и неточного цитирования; использования общепринятых выражений, законов, закономерностей, определений; необходимости доработки систем антиплагиата. Показано, что в связи с тем, что системы антиплагиата не анализируют смысл текста, происходит «гипердиагностика». В результате некритичного подхода к выводам таких систем существенно усложняется написание научных работ. Отмечена необходимость выработки чётких критериев для определения того, что является плагиатом в научных работах. Высказаны некоторые предложения по снижению недостатков формального подхода

Трансакционные издержки при подготовке научных публикаций

Preparation of scientific publications includes transaction costs as an integral part. The aim of the work was to analyze the changes over the past 50 years in transaction costs in the publication process and the impact of these costs on the results of publication activities. The article discusses the changes that have taken place in the procedure for choosing a publishing house, methods of the manuscript design, translation of the text, compiling a list of references, interaction with publishers and other issues of preparing scientific publications. It is shown that the reduction of transaction costs is one of the most important ways to increase the scientific and publication activity of teachers and researchers.Подготовка научных публикаций составной частью включает в себя трансакционные издержки. Целью работы являлся анализ изменений за последние 50 лет трансакционных издержек в процессе публикации и влияния этих издержек на результаты публикационной деятельности. В статье рассмотрены изменения, произошедшие в процедуре выбора издательства, методах графического оформления рукописи, перевода текста, составления списка литературы, взаимодействия с издательствами и другие вопросы подготовки научных публикаций. Показано, что сокращение трансакционных издержек является одним из важнейших путей повышения научно-публикационной активности преподавателей и научных работников

Факторы риска нарушения когнитивных функций в послеоперационном периоде у пожилых пациентов

Objective: to study the impact of a wide spectrum of factors on the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients in relation to the changes in their cognitive functions depending on the type of anesthesia and period after surgery. Subjects and methods. The study covered 100 patients aged 65—90 years who had been electively operated on under general, regional, and combined anesthesia. Their cognitive status was elevated before and 1, 4, and 7 days after surgery, by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) schedule. The diagnosis was postoperatively established on the basis of interviews, by applying the diagnostic criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and verified by a psychiatrist’s consultation. Results. Seventeen patients developed delirium within the first two days following surgery. Elevated plasma sodium (p<0.000001), leukocytosis (p<0.00002), and postoperative analgesia mode (p<0.02) proved to be statistically significant risk factors for delirium. Worse results of MMSE tests at all postoperative stages than those obtained prior to surgery were significant (p<0.05). Comparing the results obtained on days 1, 4, and 7 showed a significant cognitive improvement. Analysis indicated no significant differences in MMSE changes between the groups of general, regional, and combined anesthesia at all study stages. Conclusion. In elderly patients, surgery and anesthesia lead to a considerable deterioration of cognitive functions even if the development of delirium can be avoided. There is a significant correlation of the development of delirium with leukocytosis, hypernatremia, and postoperative analgesia mode. Key words: anesthesia, postoperative delirium, cognitive status, MMSE, elderly age.Цель работы — изучить влияние широкого спектра факторов на развитие послеоперационного делирия у пожилых больных и зависимости динамики их когнитивных функций от вида анестезии и сроков после операции. Материал и методы. В исследование были включены 100 пациентов в возрасте 65—90 лет, оперированных в плановом порядке под общей, регионарной и комбинированной анестезией. Когнитивный статус оценивали до операции, а также в первые, четвертые и седьмые сутки после операции при помощи теста MMSE. Диагноз делирия в послеоперационном периоде устанавливали на основе опроса, исходя из диагностических критериев МКБ-10 и DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) и верифицировали консультацией психиатра. Результаты. В течение первых двух суток после операции делирий развился у 17 пациентов. Статистически значимыми факторами риска его развития оказались повышенный уровень натрия плазмы (

Problems of Formal-mechanistic Approach to Identification of Plagiarism in Scientific Works

The effectiveness of research teams and scientists is largely estimated by their publication activity. One indicator of the quality of scientific work is the absence of plagiarism. The purpose of this paper was to consider the problems that arise with the formal-mechanistic approach to the detection of plagiarism in scientific papers. The questions of the correlation of meaning and plagiarism; quoting your own work; quoting and inaccurate quoting; the use of generally accepted expressions, laws, definitions; the need to refine anti-plagiarism systems are considered. It is shown that due to the fact that anti-plagiarism systems do not analyze the meaning of the text, “overdiagnosis” occurs. As a result of an uncritical approach to the conclusions of such systems, the writing of scientific papers becomes more complicated. The necessity of developing more accurate criteria for determining what is plagiarized in scientific papers is noted. Some suggestions were made to reduce the shortcomings of the formal approach

Тенденции в развитии научно-публикационной активности

The publication activity of research teams and scientists is determined by the number and quality of scientific publications for a certain period of time. Recently, the country has been taking active measures to increase publication activity. The purpose of this work was to study and analyze changes in factors affecting the publication activity of researchers and teachers and to identify the main trends in this process. The following issues were considered: assessment of the publication activity of researchers; trends in the development of the journal and publishing industry; changes in the requirements for papers and their writing. As a result, the main trends in changes in factors influencing the publication activity of researchers and lecturers were identified.Публикационная активность научных коллективов и ученых определяется количеством и качеством научных публикаций за определенный период времени. В последнее время в стране принимаются активные меры по повышению публикационной активности. Целью настоящей работы являлось исследование и анализ изменений факторов, влияющих на публикационную активность научных работников и преподавателей, а также выявление основных тенденций этого процесса. Были рассмотрены вопросы оценки публикационной активности научных работников; тенденции в развитии журнально-издательской сферы; изменения требований к статьям и их написанию. В результате были выявлены основные тенденции в изменениях факторов, влияющих на публикационную активность научных и педагогических работников

PROBLEMS OF IT DEPARTMENT IN A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

The aim of the study is the analysis of the problems faced by heads and staff of IT departments in medical universities. Methodology and research methods. The methods involve expert estimation, analysis and generalization of practical work experience of IT departments. Results and scientific novelty. The main aspects and specifics of professional activity of IT departments of modern medical schools are designated. The approaches to the definition of the hierarchy of goals in the professional activities of the department, as well as quantitative and qualitative indicators that assess the effectiveness of their achievements are analyzed. The contradictions arising between long-term and short-term goals of the IT department are highlighted. The main challenges which heads of IT departments can deal with in the course of day-to-day management work planning are described. The problems arising in educational, educational-methodical and scientific work of department, in its economic activity, solution of personnel affairs, and aspects of material support are considered. The possible solutions to these problems are proposed. Practical significance. The results of the analysis, proposed approaches and practical recommendations will enable to better organize the work of the IT department in a medical school. The advantage of the proposed approaches consists in their versatility: with some adjustment, they can be used by other departments, regardless of the specifics and the type of educational institution

TEACHING MATHEMATICAL DISCIPLINES AT THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Introduction.In programs of training of students of medical specialties, Mathematics is a subject of basic education, i.e. non-core discipline. However, studying Mathematics is extremely important for future physicians, as recently there has been an impetuous development of mathematization in the field of health care. Today, a set of the new medical devices, the equipment and high technologies are being developed based on the mathematical modeling, analysis and forecasting. Mathematical methods are widely applied to diagnostics, development of life-support systems and the description of various biological processes both at the molecular level,  and at the level of a whole organism, its systems, bodies and tissues. The solution of many medical tasks in the field of taxonomy, genetics, and organization of medical service is impossible without knowledge of mathematics. Unfortunately, along with the evident importance of mathematical preparation for a medical profession, its need is poorly realized not only by junior students, but even by some teachers of specialized departments of medical schools.The aim of the publication is to discuss the problems that arise in the teaching of mathematical disciplines to students at a medical school and to suggest possible solutions to these problems.Methodology and research methods. The study is based on the use of modeling of the educational process. The methods of analysis, generalization and the method of expert assessments were applied in the course of the research.Results and scientific novelty. The aspects of mathematical preparation at the university are considered on the basis of the application of the multiplicative model of training quality. It is shown that the main students’ learning difficulties in Mathematics are connected with the following factors: the initial level of mathematical preparation of students and their motivation; outdated methods of Mathematics teaching and academic content designing which is being complicated by existing imbalance between the amount of training material and time frame for its studying. The authors suppose that it is possible to improve the quality of education through the increase or redistribution of the number of teaching hours; stimulation students’ motivation; enhancement of content and methodical components of teaching by means of active use of electronic resources and information technologies. Teachers should aspire to avoid excessive mathematical formalism as well to form in students the skills of independent work through the use of mathematical and computer methods.Practical significance. The authors come to the conclusion that the transition from traditional teaching to the teaching through the technological application of mathematical methods in medical practice and independent conduction of medical research is required for improvement the quality of Mathematics teaching of future physicians