Critical Percolation Phase and Thermal BKT Transition in a Scale-Free Network with Short-Range and Long-Range Random Bonds

Percolation in a scale-free hierarchical network is solved exactly by renormalization-group theory, in terms of the different probabilities of short-range and long-range bonds. A phase of critical percolation, with algebraic (Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless) geometric order, occurs in the phase diagram, in addition to the ordinary (compact) percolating phase and the non-percolating phase. It is found that no connection exists between, on the one hand, the onset of this geometric BKT behavior and, on the other hand, the onsets of the highly clustered small-world character of the network and of the thermal BKT transition of the Ising model on this network. Nevertheless, both geometric and thermal BKT behaviors have inverted characters, occurring where disorder is expected, namely at low bond probability and high temperature, respectively. This may be a general property of long-range networks.Comment: Added explanations and data. Published version. 4pages, 4 figure

Predictability of prescription drug expenditures for Medicare beneficiaries

MCBS data are used to analyze the predictability of drug expenditures by Medicare beneficiaries. Predictors include demographic characteristics and measures of health status, the majority derived using CMS\u27 diagnosis cost group/hierarchical condition category (DCG/HCC) risk-adjustment methodology. In prospective models, demographic variables explained 5 percent of the variation in drug expenditures. Adding health status measures raised this figure between 10 and 24 percent of the variation depending on the model configuration. Adding lagged drug expenditures more than doubled predictive power to 55 percent. These results are discussed in the context of forecasting, and risk adjustment for the proposed new Medicare drug benefit

Why Don't People Insure Late Life Consumption: A Framing Explanation of the Under-Annuitization Puzzle

Rational models of risk-averse consumers have difficulty explaining limited annuity demand. We posit that consumers evaluate annuity products using a narrow "investment frame" that focuses on risk and return, rather than a "consumption frame" that considers the consequences for lifelong consumption. Under an investment frame, annuities are quite unattractive, exhibiting high risk without high returns. Survey evidence supports this hypothesis: whereas 72 percent of respondents prefer a life annuity over a savings account when the choice is framed in terms of consumption, only 21 percent of respondents prefer it when the choice is framed in terms of investment features.

Assessment of material properties of gallium orthophosphate piezoelectric elements for development of phased array probes for continuous operation at 580 degrees C

In this paper, the thickness extension mode gallium orthophosphate single crystal elements were characterised using the impedance analyser. Impedance characteristics of piezoelectric elements were investigated at temperatures from 25°C up to 580°C at first and then at a constant temperature of 580°C for a period of 25 days. The resonant and anti-resonant frequencies extracted from the impedance characteristics, capacitance (measured at 1 kHz), density and dimensions of the gallium orthophosphate elements were used to calculate electromechanical, piezoelectric and elastic properties of these elements at high temperatures as a function of time. The tested gallium orthophosphate elements proved to possess very stable efficiency and sensing capability when subjected to high temperature. The results are very encouraging for proceeding with development of phased array probes using gallium orthophosphate, for inspection and condition monitoring of high temperature pipelines in power plants at a temperature up to 580°C

Development of phased array probes to operate in time-of-flight diffraction configuration to continuously monitor defect growth in thermal power plants

A high temperature (HT) structural health monitoring system for pipes that utilises phased array (PA) probes in time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) configuration to continuously monitor the defect growth over time is being developed, so that when the defect reaches a critical size the plant can be shut down and maintenance can take place before failure. The numerical models for PA/TOFD inspection technique in either symmetric or asymmetric pitch-catch configuration were developed using the CIVA simulation platform. The probe characteristics were selected and the ultrasonic beam profile was predicted for different points in the volume of interest i.e. the weld and the heat affected zone (HAZ). The probes positions and interspacing between the probes in emission and reception were also selected in order to achieve maximum inspection coverage. The PA probes use piezoelectric elements for generation and reception of ultrasound beam. Single crystal gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4) has been selected for impedance analysis as a candidate for application in the PA probes operating at HT. Impedance characteristics of GAPO4 elements were investigated up to 580°C and together with measured capacitance (at 1 kHz), density and dimensions of the GAPO4 elements used to calculate material properties of these elements at HT as a function of time. The calculated material properties were used to evaluate the developed PA on TOFD technique at HT using COMSOL simulation package. The simulated and experimental results are encouraging for proceeding with development of PA/TOFD probes using GaPO4, for inspection and condition monitoring of HT pipelines in power plants at temperatures up to 580°C.European Commission through the FP7 Programme (FP7-SME-2013-1) under the grant agreement no. 605267, iKnowHow Informatics, CeramTec, InnoTecUK, Brunel University, Enkon, Vermon, Tecnitest Ingenieros and INETEC

Aging and gate bias effects on TID sensitivity of wide bandgap power devices

The effect of oxide stress on the total ionizing dose (TID) radiation sensitivity of silicon carbide (SiC) power MOSFETS and TID sensitivity of gallium nitride (GaN) power transistor is reported. Difference in TID response for stressed and unstressed devices was observed

Medium temperature heat pipes – Applications, challenges and future direction

Data availability: Additional data to those provided in the supplementary documents can be made available upon approval of sponsor company.Supplementary material is available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135943112301400X?via%3Dihub#s0130 .Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Heat pipes have played a large part in the thermal management market for the past five decades and have contributed to the development and optimisation of countless components in a wide range of high-level applications, most notably in the aerospace, electronics, automotive and power generation industries. These thermal management systems span a wide range of temperatures, which in turn requires the heat pipe fluid and casing material to be specially selected to meet the application requirements. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for heat pipes which can operate in the 300–600 °C temperature range – a range which is still underdeveloped in the heat pipe marketplace due to the lack of conventional fluids which can adequately operate at these temperatures. This range is referred to as the ‘medium’ or ‘intermediate’ temperature range. The analysis and exploration of novel fluids, which could potentially be used in this range, will cater for a huge market potential. Although there has been mild development in this temperature range with the aim of testing particular fluid/metal combinations which may be suitable, there appears to currently be a severe lack of continuity in the work with little progression towards a definitive solution and no central reference catalogue of successful and unsuccessful tests. Previous works on the topic tends to follow a ‘patchwork’ process, often with overlaps in testing and with a focus only on long-term compatibility tests with a limited analytical approach which often lead to incompatible results. This paper intends to summarise all major and stand out efforts in developing medium temperature heat pipes and highlight the most promising fluids and wall materials which have been tested to date. To summarise the content, this review will explore (a) current applications which could benefit from the use of medium temperature heat pipes, (b) the work that has been done on investigating medium temperature fluids, (c) highlight some of the principles behind heat pipe performance prediction, fluid analysis, fluid/metal compatibility and fluid selection and (d) suggest the potential future direction of research in this area, particularly focusing on the development of novel heat pipe fluids. Additionally, a standardised fluid assessment framework is also proposed aiming to aid the identification and analysis of both existing and newly developed heat pipe fluids.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (project code 1790747); European H2020-MSCA-RISE ThermaSMART project (project code 778104); Boyd Technologies Ashington UK Ltd

Profiling Y561-Dependent and -Independent Substrates of CSF-1R in Epithelial Cells

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) activate multiple downstream cytosolic tyrosine kinases following ligand stimulation. SRC family kinases (SFKs), which are recruited to activated RTKs through SH2 domain interactions with RTK autophosphorylation sites, are targets of many subfamilies of RTKs. To date, there has not been a systematic analysis of the downstream substrates of such receptor-activated SFKs. Here, we conducted quantitative mass spectrometry utilizing stable isotope labeling (SILAC) analysis to profile candidate SRC-substrates induced by the CSF-1R tyrosine kinase by comparing the phosphotyrosine-containing peptides from cells expressing either CSF-1R or a mutant form of this RTK that is unable to bind to SFKs. This analysis identified previously uncharacterized changes in tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CSF-1R in mammary epithelial cells as well as a set of candidate substrates dependent on SRC recruitment to CSF-1R. Many of these candidates may be direct SRC targets as the amino acids flanking the phosphorylation sites in these proteins are similar to known SRC kinase phosphorylation motifs. The putative SRC-dependent proteins include known SRC substrates as well as previously unrecognized SRC targets. The collection of substrates includes proteins involved in multiple cellular processes including cell-cell adhesion, endocytosis, and signal transduction. Analyses of phosphoproteomic data from breast and lung cancer patient samples identified a subset of the SRC-dependent phosphorylation sites as being strongly correlated with SRC activation, which represent candidate markers of SRC activation downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases in human tumors. In summary, our data reveal quantitative site-specific changes in tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CSF-1R activation in epithelial cells and identify many candidate SRC-dependent substrates phosphorylated downstream of an RTK