Some endemic medicinal plants of Andamans with antimicrobial potential

The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species used in folkloric medicine by the inhabitants of Andaman Islands, India. The ethanol extracts prepared from the leaves of four plants viz; Alstonia kurzii, Tabernaemontana crispa, Mangifera andamanica and Vitex diversifolia were assessed for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated human pathogenic bacteria and antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The ethanol extracts showed more inhibition towards Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria and the bacterial strains showed more susceptibility than the fungal strains tested. Among the plants, Vitex diversifolia exhibited the highest antibacterial activity and Mangifera andamanica showed the highest antifungal activity

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil from the leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the leaf essential oil of Murraya koenigii were investigated against clinically isolated bacterial strains. Fourteen compounds were identified by GC and GC-MS accounting for about 98.1% of the total essential oil. a-pinene (49.3%), 2H-1-benzopyran (24.3%), 2-allyl-4-methylphenol (16.7%) and D-isomenthol (2.1%) were identified as the major chemical compounds. The essential oil produced mean zone of inhibition ranged between 14.0 and 7.6 mm. The essential oil showed antibacterial activity against all the bacterial strains tested with the MIC values of 125-500 µg/ml. Although, the activity of the essential oil against the clinical isolates were much less than of Ciprofloxacin, the standard drug used, the demonstrated antibacterial activities of M. koenigii leaf essential may support the folkloric uses of the plant.Â

Isolation of mosquito larvicidal molecule form the leaves of Clausena anista

The vector-borne diseases caused by mosquitoes are one of the major health problems in many countries especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic chemicals and environmental toxicity created by the chemicals raised the demand for finding of alternate natural molecules that control mosquito. In the present study, the compound 1, 2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Clausena anisata and it was identified by various spectral studies. The larvicidal potential of the isolated compound was evaluated against early 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. The compound exhibited 100% larval mortality against A. aegypti and A. stephensi at 40 ppm with LC50 values of 8.944 and 9.230 ppm respectively. The molecule also showed the LC50 value of 12.067 ppm against C. quinquefasciatus. The molecule isolated from C. anisata can be better explored for the control of mosquito population after toxicological evaluation

Antibacterial activity of diff erent solvent extracts of Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) J.V. Lamououx, from Mandapam, Gulf of Mannar Southeast Coast, Tamil Nadu, India

Phytochemical analyses and in vitro antibacterial activity of different extracts of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate,acetone, and methanol extracts of green algae, Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) J.V. Lamououx, against Bacillussubtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio cholerae. The extent of theinhibitory zone, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) weredetermined. The ethyl acetate extract of C. chemnitzia showed the presence of phytochemicals, terpenoids,tannins and phenolic compounds strongly than the other solvent extracts. The mean zone of inhibition producedby the extracts in agar diffusion assays against the tested bacterial strains ranged from 7.1 to 13.6 mm. The MICwas between 125 and 500 μg/mL while the MBC were between 250 and 1000 μg/mL. The highest mean zoneof inhibition (13.6 mm) and the lowest MIC (125 μg/mL) and MBC (250 μg/mL) values were observed in ethylacetate extract against B. subtilis. These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of C. chemnitzia can beused as an antibacterial substance for the treatment of bacteria causing acquired infection

Screening of phytochemical and antibacterial potential of diff erent organic solvent extracts of Stoechospermum marginatum (Ag) Kutz. from Manappad coast, Tuticorin District, South India

The antibacterial activity of different extracts of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extractof a brown alga, Stoechospermum marginatum (Ag) Kutz. against Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes,Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonellatyphimurium, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae. The extent of the inhibitory zone, Minimum InhibitoryConcentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined. The ethyl acetateextract of S. marginatum showed the highest antibacterial activity against all the bacterial strains tested thanthe other extracts. The mean zones of inhibition produced by the extracts in agar diffusion assays against thetested bacterial strains ranged from 7.1 to 18.1 mm. The MIC were between 125 and 500 μg/ml, while theMBC were between 250 and 1000 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate extract of S. marginatum showed the presenceof terpenoids, tannins, phenolic compounds and steroids strongly than the other solvent extracts. The highestmean of zone inhibition (18.1 mm) was observed in the ethyl acetate extract of S. marginatum against B. subtilis.These finding suggest that the ethyl acetate extract of S. marginatum can be used as an antibacterial substancefor the treatment of bacterial infections

Utilización de extractos del alga Sargassum myriocystum como estimulante de plántulas de Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

The effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Sargassum myriocystum on germination, growth and biochemical constituents of Vigna mungo was studied. Different concentrations (5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75%) of SLF were prepared using distilled water. A total of 100 seeds were soaked for each SLF concentration for a 24-h period and were later placed in various Petri plates and watered regularly. Water-soaked seeds were used as controls. Seed germination was 98% for the 10% SLF soaked seeds. Similarly, shoot length (21.13 cm seedling-1), root length (12.19 cm seedling-1), fresh weight and dry weight (3.910 and 0.320 g seedling-1) recorded at 10% concentration of S. myriocystum treated seedlings were the highest. Besides, the chlorophyll (0.547 mg g-1 fr. wt.) and carotenoid (0.359 mg g-1 fr. wt.) contents in leaves recorded at 10% SLF soaked seedlings were the highest. The 10% SLF treated seedlings showed the highest content of protein (1.898 and 1.508 mg g–1 fr. wt.), amino acid (0.370 and 0.306 mg g–1 fr. wt.), reducing sugar (6.031 and 3.448 mg g-1 fr. wt.), total sugar (8.414 and 7.055 mg mL-1 fr. wt.), alpha-amylase activity (1.403 and 1.380 μg min-1 mg-1 protein) and beta-amylase activity (1.099 and 1.029 μg min-1 mg-1 protein) of shoots and roots respectively. The seaweed extract showed better response at lower concentration while higher concentrations of seaweed extract showed a decreasing trend.Se estudió el efecto de un fertilizante líquido de algas marinas (SLF) preparado con Sargassum myriocystum sobre la germinación, crecimiento y componentes bioquímicos de Vigna mungo. Se introdujeron 100 semillas durante 24 h en diferentes concentraciones (5%, 10%, 25%, 50% y 75%) de SLF (en agua el control), se colocaron en placas de Petri y se regaron con regularidad. La germinación fue del 98% para las semillas introducidas en SLF al 10%. La longitud de los brotes (21,13 cm plántula-1), longitud de la raíz (12,19 cm plántula-1), peso fresco y peso seco (3,910 y 0,320 g plántula-1), clorofila (0,547 mg g-1 peso fresco) y contenido en carotenoides (0,359 mg g-1 peso fresco) fueron las mayores en esta concentración. Adicionalmente, esta concentración produjo el mayor contenido de proteínas (1,898 y 1,508 mg g-1 peso fresco), aminoácidos (0,370 y 0,306 mg g-1 peso fresco), azúcares reductores (6,031 y 3,448 mg g-1 peso fresco), azúcares totales (8,414 y 7,055 mg g-1 peso fresco), actividad alfa-amilasa (1,403 y 1,380 μg min-1 mg-1 proteína) y actividad beta-amilasa (1,099 y 1,029 μg min-1 mg-1 proteína) de brotes y raíces, respectivamente. Por tanto, el SLF produjo una mejor respuesta a bajas concentraciones, mientras que con concentraciones más altas se obtuvo una respuesta decreciente

Utilization of seaweed Sargassum myriocystum extracts as a stimulant of seedlings of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

The effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) of Sargassum myriocystum on germination, growth and biochemical constituents of Vigna mungo was studied. Different concentrations (5%, 10%, 25%, 50% and 75%) of SLF were prepared using distilled water. A total of 100 seeds were soaked for each SLF concentration for a 24-h period and were later placed in various Petri plates and watered regularly. Water-soaked seeds were used as controls. Seed germination was 98% for the 10% SLF soaked seeds. Similarly, shoot length (21.13 cm seedling-1), root length (12.19 cm seedling-1), fresh weight and dry weight (3.910 and 0.320 g seedling-1) recorded at 10% concentration of S. myriocystum treated seedlings were the highest. Besides, the chlorophyll (0.547 mg g-1 fr. wt.) and carotenoid (0.359 mg g-1 fr. wt.) contents in leaves recorded at 10% SLF soaked seedlings were the highest. The 10% SLF treated seedlings showed the highest content of protein (1.898 and 1.508 mg g�1 fr. wt.), amino acid (0.370 and 0.306 mg g�1 fr. wt.), reducing sugar (6.031 and 3.448 mg g-1 fr. wt.), total sugar (8.414 and 7.055 mg mL-1 fr. wt.), alpha-amylase activity (1.403 and 1.380 µg min-1 mg-1 protein) and beta-amylase activity (1.099 and 1.029 µg min-1 mg-1 protein) of shoots and roots respectively. The seaweed extract showed better response at lower concentration while higher concentrations of seaweed extract showed a decreasing trend

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Abstract. -Objectives: The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME extract) from Sesuvium (S.) portulacastrum was studied for its fatty acid composition and antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods and Results: The gas chromatographic analysis of FAME extract revealed the presence of palmitic acid with the highest relative percentage (31.18%), followed by oleic acid (21.15%), linolenic acid (14.18%) linoleic acid (10.63%), myristic acid (6.91%) and behenic acid (2.42%). The saturated fatty acids were higher than the unsaturated fatty acids. FAME extract showed the highest antibacterial and anticandidal activities and moderate antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms. The highest mean zone of inhibition (16.3 mm) and the lowest MIC (0.25 mg/ml) and MBC (0.5 mg/ml) values were recorded against Bacillus subtilis. The lowest mean zone of inhibition (8.8 mm) and the highest MIC (8 mg/ml) and MFC (16 mg/ml) values were recorded against Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Conclusions: The results of the present study justify the use of S. portulacastrum in traditional medicine and the FAME extract can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent against the tested human pathogenic microorganisms