88 research outputs found
Packaging Problems-Present and Future of Service Rations
Developments of food packaging from the early days of rigid containers up to the modern method of using flexible materials are revealed. Factors involving the selection for packing different types of Service rations are discussed. Future areas of research and development activity are outlined briefly
Application of Least Square Denoising to Improve ADMM Based Hyperspectral Image Classification
AbstractHyperspectral images contain a huge amount of spatial and spectral information so that, almost any type of Earth feature can be discriminated from any other feature. But, for this classification to be possible, it is to be ensured that there is as less noise as possible in the captured data. Unfortunately, noise is unavoidable in nature and most hyperspectral images need denoising before they can be processed for classification work. In this paper, we are presenting a new approach for denoising hyperspectral images based on Least Square Regularization. Then, the hyperspectral data is classified using Basis Pursuit classifier, a constrained L1 minimization problem. To improve the time requirement for classification, Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) solver is used instead of CVX (convex optimization) solver. The method proposed is compared with other existing denoising methods such as Legendre-Fenchel (LF), Wavelet thresholding and Total Variation (TV). It is observed that the proposed Least Square (LS) denoising method improves classification accuracy much better than other existing denoising techniques. Even with fewer training sets, the proposed denoising technique yields better classification accuracy, thus proving least square denoising to be a powerful denoising technique
Dedekind order completion of C(X) by Hausdorff continuous functions
The concept of Hausdorff continuous interval valued functions, developed
within the theory of Hausdorff approximations and originaly defined for
interval valued functions of one real variable is extended to interval valued
functions defined on a topological space X. The main result is that the set of
all finite Hausdorff continuous functions on any topological space X is
Dedekind order complete. Hence it contains the Dedekind order completion of the
set C(X) of all continuous real functions defined on X as well as the Dedekind
order completion of the set C_b(X) of all bounded continuous functions on X.
Under some general assumptions about the topological space X the Dedekind order
completions of both C(X) and C_b(X) are characterised as subsets of the set of
all Hausdorff continuous functions. This solves a long outstanding open problem
about the Dedekind order completion of C(X). In addition, it has major
applications to the regularity of solutions of large classes of nonlinear PDEs
Detecting and reacting to changes in reputation flows
Proceeding volume: IFIP AICT 358/2011Peer reviewe
Silicon-lattice-matched boron-doped gallium phosphide: A scalable acousto-optic platform
The compact size, scalability, and strongly confined fields in integrated
photonic devices enable new functionalities in photonic networking and
information processing, both classical and quantum. Gallium phosphide (GaP) is
a promising material for active integrated photonics due to its high refractive
index, wide band gap, strong nonlinear properties, and large acousto-optic
figure of merit. In this work we demonstrate that silicon-lattice-matched
boron-doped GaP (BGaP), grown at the 12-inch wafer scale, provides similar
functionalities as GaP. BGaP optical resonators exhibit intrinsic quality
factors exceeding 25,000 and 200,000 at visible and telecom wavelengths
respectively. We further demonstrate the electromechanical generation of
low-loss acoustic waves and an integrated acousto-optic (AO) modulator.
High-resolution spatial and compositional mapping, combined with ab initio
calculations indicate two candidates for the excess optical loss in the visible
band: the silicon-GaP interface and boron dimers. These results demonstrate the
promise of the BGaP material platform for the development of scalable AO
technologies at telecom and provide potential pathways toward higher
performance at shorter wavelengths
DDoS defense by offense
This article presents the design, implementation, analysis, and experimental evaluation of speak-up, a defense against application-level distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), in which attackers cripple a server by sending legitimate-looking requests that consume computational resources (e.g., CPU cycles, disk). With speak-up, a victimized server encourages all clients, resources permitting, to automatically send higher volumes of traffic. We suppose that attackers are already using most of their upload bandwidth so cannot react to the encouragement. Good clients, however, have spare upload bandwidth so can react to the encouragement with drastically higher volumes of traffic. The intended outcome of this traffic inflation is that the good clients crowd out the bad ones, thereby capturing a much larger fraction of the server's resources than before. We experiment under various conditions and find that speak-up causes the server to spend resources on a group of clients in rough proportion to their aggregate upload bandwidths, which is the intended result.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF grant CNS-0225660)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF grant CNS-0520241)United States. Dept. of Defense (National Security Science and Engineering Faculty Fellowship
Fetal Microchimeric Cells in Blood of Women with an Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
CONTEXT: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD), two autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), occur more frequently in women than in men and show an increased incidence in the years following parturition. Persisting fetal cells could play a role in the development of these diseases. OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to detect and characterize fetal cells in blood of postpartum women with and without an AITD. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients with an AITD and ten healthy volunteers, all given birth to a son maximum 5 years before analysis, and three women who never had been pregnant, were included. None of them had any other disease of the thyroid which could interfere with the results obtained. METHODS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and repeated FISH were used to count the number of male fetal cells. Furthermore, the fetal cells were further characterized. RESULTS: In patients with HT, 7 to 11 fetal cells per 1.000.000 maternal cells were detected, compared to 14 to 29 fetal cells in patients with GD (p=0.0061). In patients with HT, mainly fetal CD8(+) T cells were found, while in patients with GD, fetal B and CD4(+) T cells were detected. In healthy volunteers with son, 0 to 5 fetal cells were observed, which was significantly less than the number observed in patients (p<0,05). In women who never had been pregnant, no male cells were detected. CONCLUSION: This study shows a clear association between fetal microchimeric cells and autoimmune thyroid diseases
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