DIAGNOSIS OF HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES OF THE LIVER IN CONDITIONS OF BILIARY HYPERTENSION WITH PERFUSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Diagnosis and treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice syndrome is one of the actual problems of abdominal surgery. The aim of our study was to determine criteria for the development of adverse outcomes in patients with obstructive jaundice, according to CT perfusion. We have analyzed the results of perfusion CT of 47 patients with mechanical jaundice syndrome. All patients were divided into two groups according to severity of the process. The first group (mild) included 29 patients with jaundice duration up to 7 days and the level of total bilirubin up to 150.0 mmol/L. The second group (moderate) included 18 patients with a duration of the disease of more than 7 days and the level of bilirubin more 150.0 mmol/L. Analysis of perfusion CT results showed that in the group of patients with mild jaundice, significant changes in arterial and portal hemodynamics do not occur. In patients in the second group, we revealed expressed reduction of portal hemodynamics up to 50.0 % (p < 0.003). ALP and HPI were increased twofold (p < 0.01). Despite increased arterial fraction, TLP reduced to 25.5 % (p < 0.05). When analyzing the postoperative complications, we observed the development of adverse outcomes only in patients with moderate degree of the pathology. When assessing the perfusion of the liver in patients with adverse outcomes compared with the control group there is a more pronounced decrease in PVP to 68.0% and TLP - up to 40.0% (p < 0.05)

RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF BILE DUCTS CONSTRICTIVE LESIONS (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)

Nowadays hospitals use a large number of methods of radiological diagnostics that are able not only to evaluate morphological changes of hepatobiliary zone, but also to assess functional state of the liver, and the state organ hemodynamics. Despite that, differential diagnostics of biliary tract occlusive lesions is still a challenge that requires a combination of various modern techniques. Misdiagnosis, delay in surgical treatment lead to serious complications, sometimes with fatal consequences. In this category of patients, each method of instrumental diagnostics has its advantages and disadvantages. To determine the nature of the pathological process in the majority of cases it is necessary to consistently use a wide range of diagnostic procedures. The issue of selection of optimal diagnostic algorithm for assessment of the state of hepatobiliary organs with application of new high-tech methods of radial diagnostics remains urgent. Early identification of biliary hypertension causes and the nature of the block helps to reduce the risk of serious complications, promotes the development of optimal management of patients, as well as allows to plan the type and volume of surgery

Lack of conservation of bacterial type promoters in plastids of Streptophyta

<p>Abstract</p> <p/> <p>We demonstrate the scarcity of conserved bacterial-type promoters in plastids of Streptophyta and report widely conserved promoters only for genes <it>psaA, psbA, psbB, psbE, rbcL</it>. Among the reasonable explanations are: evolutionary changes of sigma subunit paralogs and phage-type RNA polymerases possibly entailing the loss of corresponding nuclear genes, <it>de novo </it>emergence of the promoters, their loss together with plastome genes; functional substitution of the promoter boxes by transcription activation factor binding sites.</p> <p>Reviewers</p> <p>This article was reviewed by Dr. Arcady Mushegian, and by Dr. Alexander Bolshoy and Dr. Yuri Wolf (both nominated by Dr. Purificación López-García).</p

Possibilities of Multispiral computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Occlusive Diseases of the Biliary Tract

The main place in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice belongs to radiation research methods. Their choice is determined by the nature of the disease, efficacy, safety and cost of the study. The article describes the computer-tomographic symptoms of malignant and benign diseases of the hepatopancreatoduodenal region.To study the possibilities of multispiral computed tomography in the diagnosis of diseases, the results of examination of 62 patients with manifestations of mechanical jaundice syndrome were analyzed on the basis of the surgical Department of the Irkutsk city clinical hospital N 1. The mean age of the examined patients was 56 ± 4.5 years. In the ratio of 2:1.4 women dominated. Biliary obstruction of benign genesis prevailed, which was found in 44 (61.1 %) patients, among which the most common cause was: choledocholithiasis (34 (54.8 %) patients), choledoch strictures (9 (12.5 %) patients) periampular diverticula (2 (1.9 %) patients). The reason for the obstruction of malignant genesis (18 (38.9 %) patients) were: adenocarcinomas of the head of the pancreas (11 (29.0 %) patients), bile duct tumor (5 (8.0 %) patients), volume formations of the duodenum (2 (3.2 %) patients)

Notion of territorial system's structure and some approaches to their modeling

Development, forming and functioning of the territorial systems of each level of hierarchy and form are complicated and durable processes. The notion of stability occupies the central place and connects with the presence in territorial system some unchangeable invariant, which serves as a starting point of stability. As an example of such invariant (the base carrier of invariant on time characteristics) the usage of structural sistem is proposed. Assignment of territorial system's structure as a function carrier and simultaneous as an invariant in time permits to state the question of the system management by influence on the structure. Ability of the structure for improvement mainly determines peculiarities of the territorial system's behavior and possibilities of their management. Proposed approach permits to use for modeling structure (general and special) multitude theory, which in one tern gives the possibility to determine the corresponding models and modeling structures, pick up special structures in accordance to their inner condition, use their different combinations as multitude of relations and multitude of operations as a base for the modeling structures, etc

Comparative analysis of RNA regulatory elements of amino acid metabolism genes in Actinobacteria

BACKGROUND: Formation of alternative structures in mRNA in response to external stimuli, either direct or mediated by proteins or other RNAs, is a major mechanism of regulation of gene expression in bacteria. This mechanism has been studied in detail using experimental and computational approaches in proteobacteria and Firmicutes, but not in other groups of bacteria. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of amino acid biosynthesis operons in Actinobacteria resulted in identification of conserved regions upstream of several operons. Classical attenuators were predicted upstream of trp operons in Corynebacterium spp. and Streptomyces spp., and trpS and leuS genes in some Streptomyces spp. Candidate leader peptides with terminators were observed upstream of ilvB genes in Corynebacterium spp., Mycobacterium spp. and Streptomyces spp. Candidate leader peptides without obvious terminators were found upstream of cys operons in Mycobacterium spp. and several other species. A conserved pseudoknot (named LEU element) was identified upstream of leuA operons in most Actinobacteria. Finally, T-boxes likely involved in the regulation of translation initiation were observed upstream of ileS genes from several Actinobacteria. CONCLUSION: The metabolism of tryptophan, cysteine and leucine in Actinobacteria seems to be regulated on the RNA level. In some cases the mechanism is classical attenuation, but in many cases some components of attenuators are missing. The most interesting case seems to be the leuA operon preceded by the LEU element that may fold into a conserved pseudoknot or an alternative structure. A LEU element has been observed in a transposase gene from Bifidobacterium longum, but it is not conserved in genes encoding closely related transposases despite a very high level of protein similarity. One possibility is that the regulatory region of the leuA has been co-opted from some element involved in transposition. Analysis of phylogenetic patterns allowed for identification of ML1624 of M. leprae and its orthologs as the candidate regulatory proteins that may bind to the LEU element. T-boxes upstream of the ileS genes are unusual, as their regulatory mechanism seems to be inhibition of translation initiation via a hairpin sequestering the Shine-Dalgarno box

Ribosome reinitiation at leader peptides increases translation of bacterial proteins

Part 1. RNA secondary structures of 5'-untranslated regions of proteins with the PF00270 and PF00271 domains in Corynebacterium diphtheria, C. glutamicum, and Bifidobacterium animalis. Figure S1.1. RNA duplex in the region from the stop codon of the leader gene to the start codon of the structural gene encoding helicase in C. diphtheria; Figure S1.2. RNA hairpin overlapping the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the helicase in C. glutamicum; Figure S1.3. RNA hairpin overlapping two nucleotides of the helicase start codon in B. animalis and Streptomyces griseus. Part 2. Frequency of the leader-structural gene pairs as a function of the leader gene stop codon in Spirochaetales, Acidobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus group, and Planctomycetes. Figure S2.1. Acidobacteria; Figure S2.2. Deinococcus–Thermus group; Figure S2.3. Planctomycetes; Figure S2.4. Spirochaetales; Figure S2.5. Actinobacteria. Part 3. Sequence logo of the 30-nt 5'-leader regions of all structural genes in Actinobacteria. (PDF 365 kb

Замечания о расположениях точек на квадриках

It is considered the minimization of a quadratic polynomial on the set of all points of a multidimensional space, coordinates of which are either zero or one. Some restrictions are imposed on the arrangement of the minimum points when there are many such points.combinatorial optimization, quadratic programming, empty quadric, polytope, facetРассмотрена задача минимизации квадратичного многочлена на множестве всех точек многомерного вещественного пространства, координаты которых равны нулю или единице. Получены некоторые ограничения на взаимное расположение точек минимума, когда их достаточно много