Personality determinants of manipulative behavior in the negotiation process

Negotiations are an inalienable component of human society in the modernworld, so studying those personal characteristics of negotiators that infl uencetheir choice of negotiating strategy, tactics, and style is relevant and signifi cant.Knowledge of the patterns of a partner’s choice of one strategy of behavior or anotherinfl uences on successful negotiation process and assists in achieving goals.We did research on the connections among level of anxiety, motivation to succeedand to avoid failure, and self-esteem to the level of Machiavellianism. This articlediscusses the personal characteristics that infl uence the choice of manipulativetactics of behavior in negotiations

The development of the design thinking for future designers in the classroom on the academic drawing as scientific-methodological problem

In the article the necessity of formation of design thinking in the classroom for the discipline "the Academic drawing". Specify the number of problems that arose between the system of teaching the academic disciplines (painting, drawing, composition) and how directed activities of designersВ статье рассматривается необходимость формирования проектного мышления на занятиях по дисциплине «Академический рисунок». Указывается ряд проблем, которые встали между системой преподавания академических дисциплин (живопись, рисунок, композиция) и практической направленной деятельностью дизайнеро

CYTOKINES AS PREDICTORS OF INTESTINAL METAPLASIA OF STOMACH

An inflammatory process accompanied by the changes in mucosal microbiota is underlying the gastroduodenal diseases. Chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa is developed and supported by secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells and immune cells induced by Helicobacter pylori and other microorganisms. Under the conditions of dysbiosis and immune dysregulation, gastric epithelial layer becomes like intestinal or colonic epithelium. The aim of this work was to determine diagnostic and prognostic value of cytokines in intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelium. 204 patients with exacerbation of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric polyposis and 40 healthy volunteers were included into the study, under their informed consent. The gastric biopsies were sampled by means of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (for histological and microbiological examination), along with drawing 5 ml of venous blood with serum separation (for enzyme immunoassay). Serum cytokine levels were studied by solidphase enzyme immunoassay. In statistical evaluation of the results, we have calculated sensitivity, specificity of indexes, logistic regression equations, characteristic curves were built with the definition of the index of consistency of the model by the area under the curves (AUC).Histological examination of gastric biopsies showed features of intestinal metaplasia in 61 patients (29.90%), colonic metaplasia was found in 40 cases (19.61%), being absent in healthy volunteers. The greatest sensitivity of intestinal metaplasia was observed for plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, erythropoietin (EPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon (IFN)α levels; in colonic metaplasia, for receptor antagonist IL-1β (IL-1ra), IL-8, EPO, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, VEGF, IFNα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17. An increase in IL-6, EPO, IL-18, VEGF, IFNα were also common, thus indicative for changed functional activity of cytokines due to microbial contamination of gastric mucosa, tissue hypoxia with activation of angiogenesis, confirming a transition of intestinal metaplasia to gastric carcinogenesis. The greatest specificity in intestinal metaplasia was observed for IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-8, IL-17, IL-2, IL-10; in colonic metaplasia, for IL-18, IFNα, IL-4, МСР-1, VEGF. In the intestinal metaplasia, the AUC interval was higher than 0.7 for IL-2, higher than 0.65, in VEG; in colonic metaplasia > 0.91, for IL- 18, VEGF, МСР-1, IFNα, having a significance level of < 0.001. The obtained prognostic models of intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelium, according to the AUC index, had very good (Table 2, formula 1) and excellent quality (Table 2, 3, formula 2-11), confirmed by a high percent of cases which were correctly classified of metaplasia.   Determination of serum cytokines in intestinal metaplasia of gastric epithelium is of diagnostic and prognostic value, and should be used for early diagnosis of precancerous conditions of the gastric mucosa, both as single indexes (IL-2, VEGF), and combined indicators, according to the calculated logistic regression equations

FEATURES OF IMMUNE RESPONSE AMONG MAJOR LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD DURING EXACERBATION OF CHRONIC GASTRITIS

The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the features of immune response for main subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes during exacerbation of chronic gastritis, depending on the severity of gastric mucosal atrophy. A comprehensive survey of 122 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic gastritis was performed. The patients with chronic focal-atrophic and atrophic gastritis in acute stage were characterized by increased numbers of CD3+ lymphocytes, CD4+, CD8+ and CD16+ cell populations, decreased CD19+ lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood. During exacerbation of non-atrophic gastritis, an increase of CD4+ and CD16+ cell counts was associated with a decrease in the CD8+ and CD19+ lymphocytes. A concomitant increase in CD4+ cell numbers, as well as elevated IL-2 and IFNγ levels in peripheral blood of patients may reflect activation of cellular immunity, which could be induced by the dysplasia of gastric mucosa and co-infection with Helicobacter/herpesvirus. Domination of increased IL-2 and IFNγ over IL-4 and IL-10 levels suggests the Th1-profile of cellular immune response. Upon exacerbation of non-atrophic gastritis, the immunoregulatory index exceeded the values of clinically healthy subjects and those of patients with atrophic gastritis. We observed statistically significant differences for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ lymphocytes, immunoregulatory index, and serum levels of IL-2, depending on presence and severity of gastric mucosal atrophy

On Method of Revealing Value Information of Conversation Dialogue

The problem of processing the spoken dialogue material aimed at the identification of the value content of informal verbal communication is considered. The relevance of the research is linked with the growing interest of communicative linguistics and cultural linguistics to the content and ways of expressing the value component of modern Russian speech practice. The author’s development of the procedure of axiological analysis of conversational dialogue is presented, for each stage of which (on the basis of approbation in the field of family and friendly speech communication) a certain theoretically grounded methodological solution is proposed. The auxiliary stage of the analysis is the structuring of the conversation dialogue. The importance of the following groups of elements is substantiated: 1) replica - dialogical unity -speech party; 2) value thematic fragment - value communicative fragment. The author argues that unique fragmentation of a dialogue on the value basis provides the researcher with a set of compact structural units of analysis suitable for identifying the value meanings of the included replicas of communicants. At the main stage of the analysis it is offered to carry out qualification of the value contents of replicas. The final statement about the quality of a speech act of a person is recommended to do on the basis of its comparison with the standards: maxims of speech communication and Russian speech ideal. The practical value of the work lies in the fact that on the basis of the proposed procedure an algorithm to identify valuable information of conversation can be built

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of <i>Nicotiana glauca</i> and <i>Nicotiana sylvestris</i>

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most popular approach for obtaining transgenic plants nowadays. There are plenty of protocols developed for different plant species. These protocols usually include the medium composition, the technology for preparing plant explants and cultivation conditions, as well as the choice of agrobacteria strains. Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, was one of the first successfully transformed plant species. Nicotiana tabacum is a model object in plant genetics, particularly due to its ability for transformation and regeneration. N. tabacum is a naturally transgenic plant since its genome contains a cellular T-DNA acquired from Agrobacteria. The significance of cT-DNA for plants has not yet been established. Some assume that cT-DNA can increase the ability of plants to regenerate due to some of the genes they contain. For example, rolC has been shown to affect the hormonal balance of plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this have yet to be found. RolC is also somehow involved in the secondary metabolism of plants. Like N. tabacum, Nicotiana glauca produces a wide range of secondary metabolites and contains an intact rolC gene in its genome. At the same time, unlike N. tabacum, N. glauca is a diploid species, which makes it more suitable for genetic engineering approaches. Nicotiana sylvestris is one of the ancestral species of N. tabacum and does not contain cT-DNA. The aim of this work was to develop a protocol for transformation and regeneration of N. glauca and N. sylvestris. We managed to find an optimum ratio of auxins and cytokinins that promotes both active callus formation and organogenesis in N. glauca and N. sylvestris leaf explants. The developed technique will be useful both for fundamental research that includes the N. glauca and N. sylvestris species, and for practical application in the pharmaceutical industry and biosynthesis