Ошибки в сведениях (данных), составляющих Единый государственный реестр юридических лиц: виды и способы устранения

The subject of research. The issue of reliability (unreliability) of information (data) included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities has increased after the amendments made to the Russian Civil Code in 2013 and to the Russian legislation on state registration of legal entities in 2015. The legislation, introducing the principle of public reliability of information included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities does not clearly define what is meant by such reliability. Accordingly, the question arises about what is meant by “unreliability” of information. Although legal norms contain the concept of “error”; the legislation does not contain a single legal regime of “error”. This is expressed in the presence of several independent cases described in the legislation, including, among other things, an independent procedure for correcting an error. It is also not clear how the presence of an “error” correlates with the requirements for the reliability of the data of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The author shows the evolution of the concepts of “error” and “technical error” in the legislation on state registration of legal entities, as well as ways to eliminate it for the first time in the Russian doctrine.The purpose of the article is to: (a) analyze the current regulation and qualify various cases of “errors” in the information included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities; (b) specify the objectives of regulation in each identified case of “errors”; (c) identify the main contradictions in the regulation; (d) form a new model of the reliability of the information included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities and specific legal decisions based on the goals of the legislator to “whitewash” the Russian economy, strengthen the principle of good faith, and ensure the certainty of legal norms. The scientific hypothesis is that the “error” in the information included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, whatever its cause, is a special case of unreliability of information. Accordingly, all cases of “error” should be settled within the framework of the general model of reliability of information included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The current regulation does not provide real public reliability of the information; in fact, such public reliability today is nothing more than an illusion. Approaches to determining the reliability (unreliability) of information included in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities do not provide such reliability.Description of research methods and methodology. The research is based on a systematic and teleological interpretation of normative material (legal norms, explanations of a normative nature, judicial legal positions). Information about the main scientific results. Conclusions. The conducted research fully confirmed the correctness of the proposed scientific hypothesis. Systematic proposals for changing existing approaches to regulation and specific legal solutions are formulated. Conclusions. It is noted that the current regulation regarding the criteria for the reliability/unreliability of information (data) of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities is confusing and creates uncertainty in the legal regulation. The necessity of changing the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and other federal laws, the abolition of the most odious explanations of a regulatory nature, the foundations of a new regulatory model and proposals for reforming the existing regulatory framework are formulated.В статье впервые в отечественной доктрине показана эволюция понятий «ошибка» и «техническая ошибка» в законодательстве о государственной регистрации юридических лиц, а также способы их устранения. Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы: а) провести анализ текущего регулирования и квалифицировать различные случаи «ошибок» в сведениях, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ; б) указать цели регулирования в каждом выявленном случае «ошибки»; в) обнаружить основные противоречия в регулировании; г) сформировать новую модель достоверности сведений, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ, а также конкретные правовые решения, учитывающие цели законодателя по «обелению» российской экономики, усилению действия принципа добросовестности, и обеспечивающие определенности правовых норм. Основная научная гипотеза автора состоит в том, что «ошибка» в сведениях, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ, чтобы ни было ее причиной, – это частный случай недостоверности сведений. Соответственно, все случаи «ошибки» должны быть урегулированы в рамах общей модели достоверности сведений, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ. Действующее регулирование не обеспечивает реальной публичной достоверности сведений, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ, которая остается, по существу не более чем иллюзией. Подходы к определению достоверности (недостоверности) сведений, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ, фактически ее не обеспечивают. Отмечается, что законодательство, вводя принцип публичной достоверности сведений, включенных в ЕГРЮЛ, ясно не определяет, что понимается под такой достоверностью. Соответственно, не ясно, какие явления охватываются понятием «недостоверность» сведений. Правовые нормы содержат понятие «ошибка», но единого правового режима «ошибки» законодательство не предусматривает. Законодательство описывает несколько самостоятельных примеров ошибок с отдельным порядком исправления каждой из них. Не ясно, как наличие «ошибки» соотносится с требованиями о достоверности сведений ЕГРЮЛ. Констатируется, что действующее регулирование в части критериев достоверности (недостоверности) сведений (данных) ЕГРЮЛ является запутанным и создает неопределенность в правоприменении. Отмечается необходимость изменения норм ГК РФ и иных федеральных законов, отмены наиболее «одиозных» разъяснений нормативного характера (например, о так называемых «массовых» адресах»); сформулированы предложения по реформированию существующего нормативной регламентации и определены основы новой модели регулирования

Освобождение акционерного общества от обязанности предоставлять информацию акционеру

The subject of research. Issues concerning the exercise of the right of shareholders to receive information are analyzed. The focus is on the issues of exemption of a joint-stock company from providing information. The development of the institute of the information provision to shareholders by joint stock companies are consistently analyzed. The main trends in the development of this institute are shown: gradually narrowing the ability of shareholders to exercise their right to receive information through such means as restriction, differentiation and exemption from providing information. Special emphasis is placed on the institute of exemption from providing information.The purpose of the article is to show the main drawbacks of the existing model of exemption of a joint-stock company from the obligation to provide information to shareholders and to formulate directions for the development of legislation. The author's main scientific hypothesis can be summarized as follows. The Federal law «On joint-stock companies» contained an initial defect in the description of information exchange between a shareholder and a joint-stock company. The shareholder's right to information was not described, in fact, it was «embedded» in the obligation of the joint-stock company to provide information. The subsequent changes to the law resulted in a narrowing of the rights of the shareholder, practically depriving the minority shareholder of the right to information. This defect has led to significant legal uncertainty when the joint-stock company exercises its right to be exempt from providing information. This uncertainty should be eliminated, because the regulatory goals for granting joint-stock companies an exemption from the obligation to provide information to shareholders (article 92.2 of the Federal law «On joint-stock companies» that counters sanctions pressure) are absolutely correct. At the same time, some of the grounds for exemption from the obligation to provide information to shareholders (article 92.1 of the Federal law «On joint-stock companies») must either be excluded or reformulated. The author notes the complete «break» between the current regulation and the ideas about information exchange between a shareholder and a joint-stock company, that initially inspired the creation of the law on joint-stock companies. The inclusion of sanctions in the law on joint - stock companies as a factor affecting the performance by a joint-stock company of its obligation to provide information to shareholders should be fully welcomed. However, the legal and technical design of the corresponding political and legal idea cannot be considered optimal. In this part, the legislation requires a complete renovation based on the principle of balancing constitutional values and the interests of the state, majority and minority shareholders.Description of research methodology. The research is based on a systematic analysis, as well as the interpretation of Russian legislation and doctrine.Information about the main scientific results. The development of legislation on joint-stock companies in terms of providing information is shown. It is shown that if legislator taking into account sanctions when regulating the obligation of a joint-stock company to provide information, the goals of legislative regulation fully comply with constitutional principles, but specific legal decisions cannot be considered optimal. Conclusions. It is concluded that development of legislation on joint-stock companies has led to a significant restriction of the ability of shareholders to receive information. The author formulated the priority of regulatory goals in countering sanctions pressure and offered specific directions for improving legal regulation.Предмет исследования. Анализируются вопросы, возникающие в связи с реализацией права акционеров на получение информации. Акцент делается на вопросах освобождения акционерного общества от предоставления информации. Последовательно анализируется развитие института предоставления акционерам информации акционерными обществами; показываются основные тренды в развитии этого института: постепенное сужение возможности акционеров реализовать свое право на получение информации через предоставление информации через такие средства, как ограничение, дифференциация и освобождение от предоставления информации. Специальный акцент делается на институте освобождения от предоставления информации. Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы на основании анализа законодательства и доктрины показать основные недостатки существующей модели освобождения акционерного общества от обязанности предоставлять информацию акционерам и сформулировать направления развития законодательства. Основная научная гипотеза автора может быть сформулирована следующим образом. В Законе об акционерных обществах был заложен изначальный дефект в части описания информационного обмена между акционером и акционерным обществом. Право акционера на информацию не было описано, по существу, оно было «встроено» в обязанность акционерного общества предоставить информацию. Этот дефект при последующих изменениях законодательства в части обязанности акционерного общества предоставить информацию (которые свелись к сужению прав акционера, практически лишению миноритарного акционера права на информацию) привел к тому, что при реализации акционерным обществом своего права на освобождение от предоставления информации возникает значительная правовая неопределенность. Данная неопределенность должна быть устранена, поскольку цели регулирования при предоставлении акционерным обществам освобождения от обязанности предоставлять акционерам информацию, установленные в ст. 92.2 Закона об акционерных обществах (противодействие санкционному давлению), абсолютно правильны. При этом часть оснований для освобождения от обязанности предоставления акционерам информации (ст. 92.1 Закона об акционерных обществах) либо должны быть исключены, либо переформулированы. Автор отмечет полный «разрыв» текущего регулирования с идеями об информационном обмене между акционером и акционерным обществом, заложенными при создании Закона об акционерных обществах. Учет в Законе об акционерных обществах санкций как фактора, влияющего на исполнение акционерным обществом его обязанности предоставить информацию акционерам, следует полностью приветствовать. Однако юридико-техническое оформление соответствующей политико-правовой идеи нельзя признать оптимальным. В этой части законодательство требует полной реновации на основе принципа баланса конституционных ценностей и интересов государства, мажоритарных и миноритарных акционеров. Описание методов и методологии исследования. В основу исследования положен системный анализ, а также использование разработанных в доктрине способов толкования нормативных актов и судебной практики. Информация об основных научных результатах. Показано развитие законодательства об акционерных обществах в части предоставления информации; сделан вывод о том, что это развитие привело к значительному ограничению возможностей акционеров на получение информации. Показано, что при учете санкций при регулировании обязанности акционерного общества предоставить информацию, цели законодательного регулирования полностью соответствуют конституционным принципам, однако конкретные правовые решения нельзя признать оптимальными. Выводы. Сформулирован приоритет целей регулирования при противодействии санкционному давлению; определены конкретные направления совершенствованию правового регулирования предоставления информации акционерам

Исключение юридического лица из Единого государственного реестра юридических лиц: случаи использования, порядок и последствия

The subject of research. In 2005, a new institution for exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities by decision of the registering authority (or, as it is also called "administrative termination of a legal entity"). Subsequently, as a result of a number of changes, including the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, introduced by federal laws in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019, this institution was formed in the form in which it currently exists Its importance, at first more technical, has increased significantly after the changes in 2015, when this institution began to be used to conduct a large-scale "cleaning" of the Unified State Register of Legal Entities from inactive legal entities. As a result, millions of legal entities have been excluded from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities in recent years. In addition, the range of situations in which this institution began to be applied has expanded. Accordingly, the increase in the number of disputes is due to the fact that such exclusion affects the rights and interests of many persons (creditors, participants of excluded legal entities, members of their governing bodies). These disputes have often been the subject of close attention of the Russian Constitutional Court (the latest example is the decision of the Russian Constitutional Court of May 21, 2021 No. 20-P). The article examines the goals of this institution, its development, shows the most problematic situations related to the application of the institution of exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems of the institution of exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, as well as formulate the main directions for changing this institution. The author's main scientific hypothesis is that during the development of the institution of exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, its original goals were lost. New goals and meanings were also formulated (in the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation), which eventually (taking into account the significant shortcomings of the exclusion procedure itself) lead to violation of the rights of a significant number of interested persons. The author believes that in the development of this institution there is clearly a disproportion in terms of its application in relation to limited liability companies and persons controlling such a company. The author also notes the lack of a unified concept of the institution of exclusion from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, since along with the administrative procedure for the termination of legal personality, the legislation also recognizes the judicial procedure. Description of research methods and methodology. The research is based on a systematic analysis, as well as the use of methods of interpretation developed in the doctrine.The main results, scope of application. The goals of creating the institution of exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities are established, the development of this institution is shown taking into account the legal positions of the Russian Constitutional Court, judicial practice, conceptual provisions on reforming civil legislation.Conclusions. There is a need for a complete renovation of the institution of exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. The main directions for improving the institution of exclusion of a legal entity from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities are formulated.Исследуются цели института исключения юридического лица из Единого государственного реестра юридических лиц (ЕГРЮЛ), его развитие с учетом правовых позиций Конституционного Суда РФ, судебной практики, концептуальных положений о реформировании гражданского законодательства. Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы на основании анализа законодательства, судебной практики, доктрины выявить основные проблемы института исключения юридического лица из ЕГРЮЛ, а также сформулировать основные направления изменения этого института. Основная научная гипотеза состоит в том, что в ходе развития института исключения юридического лица из ЕГРЮЛ были утрачены его первоначальные цели; были также сформулированы (в правовых позициях Конституционного Суда РФ) такие новые цели и смыслы, которые в итоге (с учетом значительных недостатков порядка самого исключения) ведут к нарушению прав значительного числа заинтересованных лиц; автор полагает, что в развитии этого института явно видна диспропорция в части его применения в отношении обществ с ограниченной ответственностью и контролирующих такое общество лиц. Также отмечается отсутствие единой концепции института исключения из ЕГРЮЛ, поскольку наряду с административным порядком прекращения правосубъектности законодательство признаёт и судебный порядок. По мнению автора, с учетом выявленных в исследовании недостатков, а также известных правовых позиций Конституционного Суда РФ, институт исключения из ЕГРЮЛ подлежит полной реновации

Утрата доли участия при преобразовании акционерного общества в общество с ограниченной ответственностью

Subject of research. This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems arising at shareholders of joint-stock companies at reorganization in the form of transformation into limited liability companies. As the study of judicial practice over the past ten years shows, there are repeatedly controversial situations in connection with the non-receipt of shares in newly created limited liability companies by shareholders as a result of the completion of such reorganizations. This is partly due to unfair behavior of majority shareholders and/or management of joint-stock companies, partly due to insufficient regulation of reorganization in the form of transformation in the legislation, which leads to problems in law enforcement.. The purpose of the article is to formulate the main directions of development of the legislation in terms of transformation of the rights of participation in corporations, concerning the constitutional principles of freedom of economic activity and protection of property rights on the basis of the analysis of existing judicial acts, doctrine and current legislation. The scientific hypothesis is that during the transformation of corporations, its participants should be provided with adequate and fair compensation for the right of participation lost as a result of the completion of the reorganization. Such compensation may exist in the form of the provision of funds or, in exceptional cases, other property (redemption of an interest) or the granting of rights to participate in the legal entity newly created as a result of the completion of the reorganization. The compensation mechanism should be based on voluntary choice; a member of the corporation shall not be disadvantaged by the terms of compensation. If the participant does not grant its participation rights for redemption, does not participate in the meeting of the participants of the corporation and does not exercise the will regarding the choice of compensation methods, the share of participation in newly created corporation is recognized as the only fair way of compensation. Transformation can't serve as a way to get rid of the so-called «dead» participants. Description of research methods and methodology. The study is based on the analysis of court decisions, which are identified by the results of monitoring of judicial practice. Information about the main scientific results. The study fully confirmed the correctness of the proposed scientific hypothesis. Conclusions. The study was conducted on the basis of judicial practice formed on disputes arising as a result of deprivation of shareholders' rights to participate in these joint-stock companies and non-receipt of shares in limited liability companies created as a result of reorganization. The study showed that this problem is relevant for all corporations as a whole. In this regard, proposals have been formulated to reform the legislation on corporations in general.Предмет исследования. Анализируются проблемы, возникающие у акционеров акционерных обществ при реорганизации в форме преобразования последних в общества с ограниченной ответственностью. Как показывает изучение судебной практики за последние десять лет, неоднократно возникают спорные ситуации в связи с неполучением акционерами в результате завершения таких реорганизаций долей участия во вновь созданных обществах с ограниченной ответственностью. Отчасти это происходит в связи с недобросовестным поведением мажоритарных участников и/или менеджмента акционерных обществ, частично – в связи с недостаточным регулирова-нием вопросов реорганизации в форме преобразования в законе, влекущим проблемы в правоприменении. Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы на основании анализа имеющихся судебных актов, доктрины и законодательства сформулировать основные направления развития законодательства в части трансформации прав участия в корпорациях, основанные на конституционных принципах свободы экономической деятельности и защиты прав собственности. Основная научная гипотеза автора состоит в том, что при преобразовании корпораций ее участникам должна предоставляться компенсация утраченного в результате завершения реорганизации права участия, адекватная и справедливая. Такая компенсация может заключаться в виде предоставления денежных средств либо, в исключительных случаях, иного имущества (выкуп доли участия) или предоставления прав участия во вновь созданном в результате завершения реорганизации юридическом лице. Компенсационный механизм должен быть основан на добровольности выбора; участник корпорации не должен быть по-ставлен в невыгодное положение условиями компенсации. Если участник не предоставляет свои права участия для выкупа, не участвует в собрании участников корпорации и не осуществляет волеизъявления в отношении выбора способов компенсации, единственным справедливым способом компенсации признается предоставление доли участия во вновь созданной корпорации. Преобразование не может служить способом избавления от так называемых «мертвых» участников. Описание методов и методологии исследования. В основу исследования положен анализ судебных по-становлений, которые выявлены по результатам мониторинга судебной практики. Информация об основных научных результатах. Проведенное исследование в полной мере подтвердило правильность выдвинутой научной гипотезы. Выводы. Исследование, проведенное на основании судебной практики, сформированной по спорам, возникшим в результате лишения акционеров прав участия в указанных акционерных обществах и неполучения долей участия в созданных в результате реорганизации обществах с ограниченной ответственностью, показало, что данная проблема актуальна для всех корпораций. В связи с этим сформулированы предложения по реформированию законодательства о корпорациях в целом

Features of elementary burst formation during cutting coals and isotropic materials with reference cutting tool of mining machines

The paper considers the cutting of brittle coals and rocks by a single cutter of a mining machine, in contrast to the generally accepted integral approach, different from the standpoint of the formation of successive elementary bursts that make up the cut. The process of the formation of an elementary bust in time is viewed as successive phases. Due to the complexity and multi-factor nature of the process, preference is given to experimental bench studies using reference cutters, isotropic materials, and real rock blocks. The bursting parameters values greatly influence the time of static forces action, the peculiarities of the formation of stress fields in the undercutter zone of the rock mass and the conditions for the emergence and development of main cracks in the near-cut zones during the cutting process. The accepted phase-energy method of analyzing the process, which most closely matches the structure of the studied process, revealed a more significant, than previously expected, effect on the cutting process, variability of cutting speed and potential energy reserve in the cutter drive. The paper discusses the possibility of purposeful formation of the parameters of elementary bursts. It describes new ways to improve the efficiency of cutting coal and rocks, in particular, reducing the maximum loads and specific energy consumption. It also considers the possibility of reducing the grinding of the rock mass and dust formation

Increasing the content of coarse fractions in the mined coal mass by a combine using paired cuts

The main volume of coal is mined underground using shearers. In modern shearers, auger actuators are mainly used, which are distinguished by the simplicity of design, manufacturability and reliability. However, in the process of separating coal from mass by cutting, the yield of fine grades is 40-50 % of the total production volume. Therefore, the search and development of technical solutions that provide an increase in the yield of large fractions in the process of coal mining with auger shearers is an urgent task. Traditionally, this problem is solved by increasing the thickness of the slices, which is achieved by installing cutters with a larger radial reach and increasing the shearer feed rate. An unconventional way to increase the cross section of slices by forming energy-efficient paired and group slices with mutual superposition of stress fields in the mass from the action of neighboring cutters is considered. The results of modeling the process of cutting coal confirm that an increase in the efficiency of destruction of the rock mass by the cutters of the auger executive bodies of the shearer can be achieved by a complex technical solution, including the formation of paired cuts and combined stress zones in the rock mass. As a result, the output of large fragments when cutting with paired cutters increases by 1.3-1.8 times compared with cutting with a single cutter

Загрязнение поверхности снега полициклическими ароматическими углеводородами при образовании изморози

When analyzing chemical compositions of snow the high variability of content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in snow cover between snowfalls is observed. Researchers explain this by concentrating of snow. However, another mechanism of atmospheric contamination of the snow cover surface is possible. It may be a precipitation of fine crystals of PAHs from the atmosphere in the composition of cryohydrates, which can form aerogenic anomalies on the snow surface at formation of hoarfrost. The process starts in the atmosphere during the interaction of finely dispersed crystals of PAHs with cloud supercooled drops. This results in the cryogenic concentration of solid particles of PAHs by way of formation of solid eutectic mixture – cryohydrates, which are a two-phase system consisting of a fine mixture of crystals of solid particles and ice. Evidence of their manifestation is the presence of the Forel hatching on the surface of the facets of the hoarfrost crystals appearing due to the different optical density of alternating zones, which consist of interpenetrating domains of crystallized solid aerosols and ice. At the same time, due to the presence of temperature inversion over the snow cover and its drying effect on the near-snow layer of air, a stable mass transport of water vapor down to the snow cover is formed, which can initiate the flow of fine cryohydrates from the PAHs. Therefore, the growth of atmospheric ice crystals, begun in the surface atmosphere, continues on the snow surface during formation of hoarfrost, thus creating a special nano-relief of snow cover. The paper presents the results of observations of changes in the concentration of individual PAHs in the upper 18 mm layer of snow at accumulation of the surface hoarfrost during a long period between snowfalls. Some micro-morphological features of the forms of skeletal rime micro-crystals are shown, with which an increase in the nano-roughness of the snow surface is associated, as well as the manifestation of the signal of the aerogenic PAH anomaly on the snow surface. Since the conditions for the formation of surface hoarfrost occur more often than for snowfalls, the hoarfrost may be an informative object of testing when detecting hydrocarbon contamination of snow cover during the intervals between snowfalls.Рассматриваются физические свойства снежного покрова, контролирующие механизм загрязнения снежного покрова полициклическими ароматическими углеводородами при образовании поверхностной изморози. Показаны некоторые микроморфологические признаки различных форм скелетных кристаллов изморози, участвующих в указанном процессе. Обсуждается механизм загрязнения поверхности снежного покрова, связанного с атмосферным стоком тонкодисперсных кристаллов полициклических ароматических углеводородов в составе криогидратов

Applications of lignin in the agri-food industry

Of late, valorization of agri-food industrial by-products and their sustainable utilization is gaining much contemplation world-over. Globally, 'Zero Waste Concept' is promoted with main emphasis laid towards generation of minimal wastes and maximal utilization of plantbased agri-food raw materials. One of the wastes/by-products in the agri-food industry are the lignin, which occurs as lignocellulosic biomass. This biomass is deliberated to be an environmental pollutant as they offer resistance to natural biodegradation. Safe disposal of this biomass is often considered a major challenge, especially in low-income countries. Hence, the application of modern technologies to effectively reduce these types of wastes and maximize their potential use/applications is vital in the present day scenario. Nevertheless, in some of the high-income countries, attempts have been made to efficiently utilize lignin as a source of fuel, as a raw material in the paper industry, as a filler material in biopolymer based packaging and for producing bioethanol. However, as of today, agri-food industrial applications remains significantly underexplored. Chemically, lignin is heterogeneous, bio-polymeric, polyphenolic compound, which is present naturally in plants, providing mechanical strength and rigidity. Reports are available wherein purified lignin is established to possess therapeutic values; and are rich in antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-carcinogenic, antidiabetic properties, etc. This chapter is divided into four sub-categories focusing on various technological aspects related to isolation and characterization of lignin; established uses of lignin; proved bioactivities and therapeutic potentials of lignin, and finally on identifying the existing research gaps followed by future recommendations for potential use from agri-food industrial wastes.Theme of this chapter is based on our ongoing project- Valortech, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 810630

Losing shares during the transformation of joint stock company into limited liability company

Subject of research. This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems arising at shareholders of joint-stock companies at reorganization in the form of transformation into limited liability companies. As the study of judicial practice over the past ten years shows, there are repeatedly controversial situations in connection with the non-receipt of shares in newly created limited liability companies by shareholders as a result of the completion of such reorganizations. This is partly due to unfair behavior of majority shareholders and/or management of joint-stock companies, partly due to insufficient regulation of reorganization in the form of transformation in the legislation, which leads to problems in law enforcement.. The purpose of the article is to formulate the main directions of development of the legislation in terms of transformation of the rights of participation in corporations, concerning the constitutional principles of freedom of economic activity and protection of property rights on the basis of the analysis of existing judicial acts, doctrine and current legislation. The scientific hypothesis is that during the transformation of corporations, its participants should be provided with adequate and fair compensation for the right of participation lost as a result of the completion of the reorganization. Such compensation may exist in the form of the provision of funds or, in exceptional cases, other property (redemption of an interest) or the granting of rights to participate in the legal entity newly created as a result of the completion of the reorganization. The compensation mechanism should be based on voluntary choice; a member of the corporation shall not be disadvantaged by the terms of compensation. If the participant does not grant its participation rights for redemption, does not participate in the meeting of the participants of the corporation and does not exercise the will regarding the choice of compensation methods, the share of participation in newly created corporation is recognized as the only fair way of compensation. Transformation can't serve as a way to get rid of the so-called «dead» participants. Description of research methods and methodology. The study is based on the analysis of court decisions, which are identified by the results of monitoring of judicial practice. Information about the main scientific results. The study fully confirmed the correctness of the proposed scientific hypothesis. Conclusions. The study was conducted on the basis of judicial practice formed on disputes arising as a result of deprivation of shareholders' rights to participate in these joint-stock companies and non-receipt of shares in limited liability companies created as a result of reorganization. The study showed that this problem is relevant for all corporations as a whole. In this regard, proposals have been formulated to reform the legislation on corporations in general