Egg Quality Characteristics in Autochthonous Genotypes of Chickens Raised on Macedonian Rural Farms

Egg quality characteristics of three different autochthonous chicken phenotypes (phenotype having ashy-silvery-brown leghorn laced plumage color, phenotype having light brown spangled plumage color and phenotype having black or blue plumage color) were examined. These types of chickens are mainly raised as backyard rural area flocks in the villages of R. Macedonia. The data were collected through first systematic approaches in phenotypical identification and characterisation of these autochthonous genotypes realized recently. Three small flocks of old hens collected from different villages and placed in control pens were established. No data about number of eggs/hen/year is available for the established flocks. Further investigations are needed to record productive (number of egg produced) and reproductive data. The plan was that additional, yearly production records be collected from the flock produced as offspring from established flock of old hens collected from different villages and placed in control pens. Set of 90 eggs was collected (30 eggs from each plumage phenotype) and basic egg quality parameters measured. Egg size (weight) was 50.71g for brown laced plumage phenotype, 60.48g for blue plumage phenotype and 52.6 g for light brown spangled plumage phenotype. Egg shell strength was 3965, 3628 and 3924 g/cm2 for brown laced, blue and brown spangled plumage phenotype, respectively. Light brown spangled plumage phenotype had the highest value of yolk color (10.29) and Hough Units (76.63) compared to brown laced (10.08 and 75.27) and blue (9.09 and 71.65) plumage phenotype

Generalized Synchronization in Ginzburg-Landau Equations with Local Coupling

The establishment of generalized chaotic synchronization in Ginzburg-Landau equations unidirectionally coupled at discrete points of space (local coupling) has been studied. It is shown that generalized syn-chronization regimes are also established with this type of coupling, but the necessary intensity of coupling issignificantly higher than that in the case of a spatially homogeneous couplingComment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Generalized Chaotic Synchronizationin Coupled Ginzburg-Landau Equations

Generalized synchronization is analyzed in unidirectionally coupled oscillatory systems exhibiting spatiotemporal chaotic behavior described by Ginzburg-Landau equations. Several types of coupling betweenthe systems are analyzed. The largest spatial Lyapunov exponent is proposed as a new characteristic of the state of a distributed system, and its calculation is described for a distributed oscillatory system. Partial generalized synchronization is introduced as a new type of chaotic synchronization in spatially nonuniform distributed systems. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset of generalized chaotic synchronization in spatially distributed oscillatory systems are elucidated. It is shown that the onset of generalized chaotic synchronization is described by a modified Ginzburg-Landau equation with additional dissipation irrespective of the type of coupling. The effect of noise on the onset of a generalized synchronization regime in coupled distributed systems is analyzed.Comment: 12 page

Multilevel Structure of Ore-Magmatic Columns in Large Ore Deposits

Mining of large deposits and prospecting for separate ore occurrences at deep levels has provided new data on the deep structure of ore-magmatic columns and variation in the mineralization types replacing each other with depth [1]. For example, veinlet-disseminated ores of the porphyry type are localized at relatively deep levels of copper, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold deposits. At a hypsometrically higher level, they are replaced by ores of the vein type. Simultaneously, the type of deposits also changes toward quartz and polysulfide ones. Vein ores represent differentiates of porphyry mineralization matter

Formation Conditions of Copper Porphyry Mineralization in the Kadica–Bukovik Ore District, Eastern Macedonia

Macedonia is located in the Serbian–Macedonian sector of the Eurasian Tethys metallogenic belt (Fig. 1). Mineralization related to Cenozoic activation in this area is expressed in the formation of a volcanoplutonic complex in the dispersed spreading setting [1]. Previous joint works with Macedonian geologists made it possible to establish that the present-day tectonic structure of Macedonia reflects dislocations closely related to Cenozoic magmatism and productive mineralization [2]. The Kadica–Bukovik ore district is located in the easternmost Surdulica–Osogovo–Pasos metallogenic zone characterized by the wide development of lead– zinc mineralization (Fig. 1). The zone incorporates systems of sheeted bodies and discordant dikes of quartz latites with an absolute age within 24–12 Ma. Recent discovery of the gold-bearing porphyry copper mineralization in the eastern Kadica ore district is inconsistent with its metallogenic specialization and previous metallogenic model of this belt [2]. To study this phenomenon, we carried out complex studies, which involved structural–geomorphological analysis of ore district [4], on the one hand, and thermobarogeochemical study of ore formation conditions, on the other hand

Fluid inclusions at the plavica Au-Ag-Cu telescoped porphyry–epithermal system, former yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

The Plavica Au-Ag-Cu porphyry and high sulfidation (HS) epithermal deposit is located at the Kratovo–Zlatovo volcanic field in Eastern Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia. In this study, new fluid inclusions data provide additional evidence of the presence of a porphyry style mineralization which is associated with an overlain HS epithermal deposit. The Oligocene–Miocene magmatic rocks have a calc–alkaline to high-K calc–alkaline affinity and consist of sub-volcanic intrusions and volcanic rocks. Previous studies distinguished four alteration types: (a) Sericitic, (b) advanced argillic, (c) silicification, and (d) propylitic alteration. Fluid inclusions showed an early magmatic brine in porphyry style veins with high salinity (33–57 wt% NaCl equiv.), which coexists with a vapor rich fluid with lower salinity (14–20 wt% NaCl equiv.), at temperatures 380–500 °C, under boiling conditions. At shallower depths, the fluid inclusions demonstrate various HS–epithermal deposits which were formed by moderate to low salinity (3–14 wt% NaCl equiv.) hydrothermal fluids at lower temperatures from 200 to 300 °C. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Iatrogenic Lesions of the Extrahepatic Bile Ducts during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard in the treatment of gallstones. However, this surgical approach is also associated with potential complications. The most frequent of them, related to a very serious prognosis, are lesions of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Their understanding is a prerequisite for preventing them. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present in a concentrated form the iatrogenic lesions of the biliary tract as a major group of complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the methods for their treatment. Materials and Methods: Information from the specialized surgical literature was used and, for comparison and illustration, we presented data about 30 patients with complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, treated in the Department of General and Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery at the University Hospital `Aleksandrovska` - Sofia for the period 2000- 2015. 11 (36.7%) of them are men and 19 (63.3%) - women, aged 38 to 65 years, with an average age of 50. Results: The clinical material from the Department of General and Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery is an illustration of some of the possible iatrogenic lesions of the extrahepatic bile ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy reported in the world literature. Their managing fit the generally accepted rules and priority was given to the open surgical methods. Conclusions: Minimally invasive methods, in particular laparoscopic cholecystectomy, are rarely associated with complications. The injuries of extrahepatic bile ducts are of great significance and often thorough knowledge and multidisciplinary approach in their treatment are required to achieve the best results

Short-Term Results after Surgical Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer - Prognostic Factors and Prerequisites for Their Improvement

Introduction: Over the past few decades there have been a significant improvement in the results of radical surgery for pancreatic cancer as the early postoperative mortality is minimized in the major centers. However, the rate of postoperative morbidity remains relatively high. The most common surgical complications are: insufficiency of pancreatic or biliary anastomosis, the occurrence of bleeding or delayed gastric emptying. Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze the short-term results after left and right pancreatic resections for pancreatic cancer and to determine the factors influencing their appearance, the prerequisites for reducing the complications and possibilities for preventing them. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed. Between 1999 and 2015, 365 patients underwent different pancreatic resections for pancreatic cancer in the Department of General and Hepato-pancreatic Surgery of the University Hospital `Alexandrovska`. Clinicopathological material was analyzed by different statistical methods using SPSS-19. Results: 244 duodenohemipancreatectomies, 40 left subtotal pancreatectomies and 81 left hemipancreatectomies were performed. Observed mortality rate was 6.85%. Applying own modification of the prosthesis of the anastomoses with drainage type `perdue` leads to decreased rates of pancreatic anastomotic leaks - 3.28%. With regard to the early postoperative results, prognostic factors are blood loss, the values of T-Bil, D-Bil and ALP. Conclusion: Optimizing surgical technique according to the existing changes of the pancreas in the specific case is the basis of reducing of the postoperative morbidity rate. On the other hand, the implementation of adequate intensive care leads to reduction in early postoperative mortality and improvement of survival

Doppler-guided transanal hemorrhoidal dearterilization versus conventional hemorrhoidectomy for treatment of hemorrhoids – early and long-term postoperative results

Abstract Background A variety of effective methods for treatment of hemorrhoids has been proposed. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of studies comparing transanal hemorrhoidal dearterilization (THD) and conventional hemorrhoidectomy (CH), but the focus of most studies has been about the early postoperative results. The data about long-term outcomes is still limited. We aimed to compare Doppler-guided THD and CH with regard to early and long-term postoperative results. Methods The conducted prospective research included 287 patients who underwent CH (167 cases) or Doppler-guided THD with mycopexy (120 patients) between November 2010 and December 2015. Information on hemorrhoidal stage, demographic data, presenting symptoms, complications, duration of hospital stay, postoperative pain, patients’ satisfaction and follow-up were obtained. Statistical tests were performed by SPSS 19.0. Results There was no significant difference between the studied groups according to gender, mean age, preoperative prolapse, pain and pruritus, hemorrhoidal stage and postoperative complications. Preoperative bleeding was more frequent in THD group (p = 0,002). The mean visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores in CH and THD groups on days 1, 2 and 7 were 7.01 vs 5.03, 5.07 vs 2.98, 2.39 vs 0,57 (p = 0,000). Practically, there was no difference in VAS on day 30 and patients’ satisfaction at the 18th month. Mean hospital stay was 5,13 (CH) and 3,38 days (THD), p = 0,000. The postoperative follow-up was between 18 and 78 months (mean 46 ± 16 months). During this stage, 5 patients (2,99%) in CH group required surgery for recurrence. In THD group, 3 patients (2,5%), all with 4th-degree hemorrhoids underwent additional procedures (p 0,802). Conclusions Doppler-guided THD seems to be an efficient and safe option for treatment of hemorrhoids, related to lower postoperative pain and excellent, similar long-term outcomes compared to CH. For advanced grades of hemorrhoids, Doppler-guided THD could be a valuable alternative, but there is a need for patients’ selection. Trial registration (retrospectively registered) researchregistry3090