Speckle Interferometry with CMOS Detector

In 2022 we carried out an upgrade of the speckle polarimeter (SPP) -- the facility instrument of the 2.5-m telescope of the Caucasian Observatory of the SAI MSU. During the overhaul, CMOS Hamamatsu ORCA-Quest qCMOS C15550-20UP was installed as the main detector, some drawback of the previous version of the instrument were eliminated. In this paper, we present a description of the instrument, as well as study some features of the CMOS detector and ways to take them into account in speckle interferometric processing. Quantitative comparison of CMOS and EMCCD in the context of speckle interferometry is performed using numerical simulation of the detection process. Speckle interferometric observations of 25 young variable stars are given as an example of astronomical result. It was found that BM And is a binary system with a separation of 273 mas. The variability of the system is dominated by the brightness variations of the main component. A binary system was also found in NSV 16694 (TYC 120-876-1). The separation of this system is 202 mas.Comment: 24 pages, 27 figures. Minor style differences with respect to version accepted to Astrophys. Bull. V. 78, no.

Pulsed 1H NMR study of the effects of the rigid block content on the phase state of segmented polyurethanes

The effect of the content of rigid blocks on the phase state and structure of rigid domains in segmented polyurethane based on polyethylenebutyleneglycol adipate, 1,4-butandiol, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is studied with the aid of pulsed 1H NMR. It is shown from an analysis of free induction decays and using the Goldman-Shen technique that in the specimen having the minimum rigid block length a microphase is formed whose domains have sharp boundaries without intermediate regions. With increase in rigid block length, a second type of domain appears together with the first, consisting of a central part and an intermediate region of high molecular mobility. The ratio of the number of domains of different types depends on the temperature. The dimensions of the domains and intermediate regions are evaluated, and possible structural models are considered. © 1989

Економічні підходи до оцінювання екологічних наслідків війни в Україні

The article examines the environmental consequences of the war in Ukraine, the types of effects of military actions on the environment and their potential danger to humanity now and in the future. The problems related to ecology and climate change as a result of military actions concern not only one country, nation or community, but can also affect the daily life of many future generations of Ukrainians, Europeans and the whole world. The issue of assessing the environmental consequences of military actions, classifying the damage caused, and choosing methods for assessing environmental damage are extremely popular in modern conditions for the Ukrainian and world community, which confirms the relevance and timeliness of this study. According to the materials of open sources, it was determined that the main risks for the ecology of Ukraine and the world ecological and economic system were the threat of a nuclear disaster, the impact of active offensive actions on forests, steppes and the natural landscape, the impact of war on plants and animals, the threat to red book species, water pollution and soil as a result of multifactor intervention, hitting industrial facilities and critical infrastructure facilities. A comprehensive algorithm for assessing the environmental consequences of military actions has been developed, which includes the following stages: establishment of a list of possible consequences, data collection, data analysis and classification of consequences according to the degree of security, assessment of environmental damage, information exchange and monitoring. Such a sequence allows you to identify the most influential risks and urgently take measures to overcome them. The created algorithm has a consolidated nature and should be refined and supplemented in further work. It is proposed to carry out zoning of the territories of Ukraine depending on the possibility of obtaining information about the environmental impacts and consequences of the war and the availability of data collection. In the future, it is advisable to develop methods for express assessment of environmental consequences for quick response to violations of environmental requirements, as well as in-depth methods that take into account detailed assessment of consequences and will allow to determine the most accurate economic component of consequences for ecology.У статті досліджуються екологічні наслідки війни в Україні, види впливів воєнних дій на екологію та їх потенційна небезпека для людства зараз і в майбутньому. Проблеми, пов’язані з екологією та зміною клімату внаслідок військових дій, стосуються не лише однієї країни, нації чи громади, але й можуть вплинути на повсякденне життя багатьох майбутніх поколінь українців, європейців та всього світу. Питання оцінювання екологічних наслідків воєнних дій, класифікації завданої шкоди та вибір методів оцінювання екологічних збитків є надзвичайна затребуваними в сучасних умовах для української і світової спільноти, що підтверджує актуальність і своєчасність даного дослідження. За матеріалами відкритих джерел визначено, що головними ризиками для екології України і світової еколого-економічної системи стали загроза ядерної катастрофи, вплив активних вонних дій на ліси, степи  та  природній ланшафт, вплив війни на на росли і тварин, загроза червонокнижним видам, забруднення води і грунту внаслідок мультифакторного втручання, влучання у промислові обєкти та обєкти критичної інфраструктури. Розроблено укрупнений алгоритм оцінювання екологічних наслідків воєнних дій, який включає наступні етапи: встановлення переліку можливих наслідків, збирання даних, аналізування даних та класифікація наслідків за ступенем безпеки, оцінювання екологічних збитків, обмін інформацією та моніторинг. Така послідовність дозволяє визначати найбільш впливові ризики та терміново приймати заходи щоо їх подолання. Створений алгоритм має укрупнений характер і у подальшій роботі має уточнюватись і доповнюватись. Запропоновано здійснювати зонування територій України в залежності від можливості отримання інформації про екологічні впливи і наслідки війни  та доступності збору даних. У подальшому доцільним є розробка методик експрес-оцінювання екологічних наслідків для швидкого реагування на порушення екологічних вимог, а також поглибленої методики, що враховує детальне оцінювання наслідків та дозволить визначити найбільш точно економічну складову наслідків для екології

Multidimensional Pattern Formation Has an Infinite Number of Constants of Motion

Extending our previous work on 2D growth for the Laplace equation we study here {\it multidimensional} growth for {\it arbitrary elliptic} equations, describing inhomogeneous and anisotropic pattern formations processes. We find that these nonlinear processes are governed by an infinite number of conservation laws. Moreover, in many cases {\it all dynamics of the interface can be reduced to the linear time--dependence of only one ``moment" $M_0$} which corresponds to the changing volume while {\it all higher moments, $M_l$, are constant in time. These moments have a purely geometrical nature}, and thus carry information about the moving shape. These conserved quantities (eqs.~(7) and (8) of this article) are interpreted as coefficients of the multipole expansion of the Newtonian potential created by the mass uniformly occupying the domain enclosing the moving interface. Thus the question of how to recover the moving shape using these conserved quantities is reduced to the classical inverse potential problem of reconstructing the shape of a body from its exterior gravitational potential. Our results also suggest the possibility of controlling a moving interface by appropriate varying the location and strength of sources and sinks.Comment: CYCLER Paper 93feb00

The influence of anthropometric indicators on the availability of vitamin D in residents of Southern Ukraine

The social role of the problem of obesity is determined by the threat of disability and a decrease in overall life expectancy due to the frequent development of serious concomitant diseases. Despite a significant number of studies on the effect of excess body weight on the level of 25(OH)D, there are still ongoing discussions about the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of obesity. The main described pathogenetic mechanism by which obesity negatively affects 25(OH)D levels is the redistribution of fat-soluble vitamin D in large amounts of adipose tissue. This leads to a decrease in the concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood serum. Goal. To determine the dependence of the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum on anthropometric indicators in residents of the southern regions of Ukraine. Materials and methods. During the study, 928 residents (women – 507; men – 421) of southern Ukraine aged 19 to 82 were examined. The results. The level of 25(OH)D in blood serum among the study participants ranged from 4.31 - 89.19 ng/ml. The prevalence of deficiency, insufficiency and sufficient level of vitamin D in the study group was 33.6%, 33% and 33.4%, respectively. The body mass index in the study group ranged from 16.1 kg/m2 to 41.3 kg/m2, while the average BMI in men was 25.2±4.0 kg/m2, and in women it was 25.6±4.5 kg/m2. In addition, an anthropometric analysis was conducted, namely, a waist-to-hip ratio assessment was conducted in order to determine the influence of these indicators on the level of 25(ОН)D in blood serum. Conclusions. A higher negative correlation was established between the level of 25(OH)D and BMI than the waist-to-hip ratio index. The hypothesis of the connection of vitamin D with the specified anthropometric indicators was confirmed, in particular, when comparing groups by BMI. It is worth noting that among people of both sexes, regardless of age, with an increase in BMI and waist circumference, a decrease in the level of 25(OH)D in blood serum is observed