Phylogenetic diversity, significance and future prospects of heterotrophic bacteria associated with marine microalgae

Control of the unwanted microorganisms is essential in all aspects of life, and microbial diseases must be treated in humans, animals, and plants. Emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the need for novel, antimicrobial compounds led to the exploration of new habitats to screen the production of bioactive substances (Gram et al. 2010). Nature provides a treasure-trove of chemicals that can be used in chemical manufacturing processes, or developed into drugs for the treatment of human disease. New environmental niches provide a new source of microbes and potential for novel compound production (Sfanos et al. 2005). Advances in natural product chemistry are expected to rely ever more on interdisciplinary research, and this is particularly important for marine microbial products. The marine environment contains over 80% of world’s plant and animal species (Jha et al. 2004). Marine natural products from the microbes have lagged behind those from macroorganisms. Therefore, marine microorganisms deserve more and more organized attention by the natural products chemists (Pietra 1997). Marine microorganisms are valuable resources due to the production of a wide range of natural products with potential biotechnological and pharmaceutical application (Gram et al. 2010). Antibiotic production by marine bacteria has been documented for a long time. However, there is a paucity of information dealing with the isolation and purification of the active inhibitory substances (Barja et al. 1989)

Extensive Analysis on Generation and Consensus Mechanisms of Clustering Ensemble: A Survey

Data analysis plays a prominent role in interpreting various phenomena. Data mining is the process to hypothesize useful knowledge from the extensive data. Based upon the classical statistical prototypes the data can be exploited beyond the storage and management of the data. Cluster analysis a primary investigation with little or no prior knowledge, consists of research and development across a wide variety of communities. Cluster ensembles are melange of individual solutions obtained from different clusterings to produce final quality clustering which is required in wider applications. The method arises in the perspective of increasing robustness, scalability and accuracy. This paper gives a brief overview of the generation methods and consensus functions included in cluster ensemble. The survey is to analyze the various techniques and cluster ensemble methods

Pancreatitis with pancytopenia: are we missing a common diagnosis?

Acute pancreatitis with pancytopenia is a rare unreported complication of dengue non-hemorrhagic fever. A 16-year-old girl came to the emergency with complaints of loose stools and vomiting with pain abdomen and mild fever the previous day. She was diagnosed to have acute pancreatitis, which evolved into pancytopenia. She was then diagnosed with dengue fever. She was successfully managed conservatively nil orally, with intravenous fluids therapy as per the dengue protocol, timely investigations and watchful management. Acute pancreatitis with pancytopenic blood picture must point the clinician to underlying causes like dengue in endemic areas

Phylogenetic diversity of culturable bacteria in Chaetoceros gracilis mass culture system of a marine finfish hatchery

Microalgae, a major live feed in aquaculture always coexist with associated bacteria. Hence a better understanding of algal-bacterial interaction is essential for maintaining a stable environment in intensive larval rearing tanks. Therefore, herein we attempted to determine the phylogenetic diversity of culturable bacteria associated with microalgal production system of a marine finfish hatchery with special reference to Chaetoceros gracilis mass culture. The sequencing of 16S rDNA of representative from each phylotypes revealed that the associated microflora belong to the classes Gammaproteo bacteria, Alphaproteo bacteria, and Bacilli. In particular, members of Marinobacter genus showed higher degree of association followed by Leisingera, Alteromonas, Nautella, Halomonas and Ruegeria. The association of bacterial groups belonging to the genera Idiomarina, Albidovulum and Staphylococcus were also detected. The variation of bacterial diversity in microalgal habitat with changes in environmental conditions was also discussed in the present work. In overall, the present study gives a greater insight to the algal microhabitat which would be vital for improving stability, productivity, sustainability and reliability of large scale microalgal cultivation and their feeding to the target aquaculture species

Awareness and acceptance of anticipated pediatric COVID-19 vaccination in rural South India

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the awareness and acceptance of anticipated COVID-19 pediatric vaccination among parents in rural south India.Methods: Objective questionnaire based online cross-sectional study in out-patient department, school WhatsApp groups and the community between 01 July 2021 to 15 July 2021. Sample size 873. Parents of children less than 18 years of age willing to participate in the study were included. Parents not willing to participate in the study were excluded.Results: 64.6% parents accepted pediatric COVID-19 vaccination; 96.4% felt it beneficial to vaccinate children prior to re-opening of school. 96.68% were positive that vaccination in children shall play a pivotal role in the projected third wave. 35.39% were hesitant and wanted to delay vaccinating their children and 14.14% do not believe in vaccine efficacy. 14.53% parents were weary of giving vaccine to their children due to personal experience of adverse effects they had suffered, and 22.45% parents refused vaccination due to hearsay adverse effects. 17.6% parents felt that post COVID-19 infection, children don’t need vaccination. 38.95% of parents were concerned about interaction of COVID-19 vaccine with other vaccines of immunisation schedule, 19.36% felt that children don’t need specific COVID-19 vaccine since the regular immunisation schedule prevents COVID-19 infection.Conclusions: Parents of rural India are aware of the pandemic and its lasting impact in our society but its effect on children is still beyond their comprehension. Most parents are willing and accept pediatric COVID-19 vaccination, however vaccine hesitancy and misconceptions are significant entities that can derail full coverage of children.

Mg II Absorption Systems in SDSS QSO Spectra

We present the results of a MgII absorption-line survey using QSO spectra from the SDSS EDR. Over 1,300 doublets with rest equivalent widths greater than 0.3\AA and redshifts $0.366 \le z \le 2.269$ were identified and measured. We find that the $\lambda2796$ rest equivalent width ($W_0^{\lambda2796}$) distribution is described very well by an exponential function $\partial N/\partial W_0^{\lambda2796} = \frac{N^*}{W^*} e^{-\frac{W_0}{W^*}}$, with $N^*=1.187\pm0.052$ and $W^*=0.702\pm0.017$\AA. Previously reported power law fits drastically over-predict the number of strong lines. Extrapolating our exponential fit under-predicts the number of $W_0 \le 0.3$\AA systems, indicating a transition in $dN/dW_0$ near $W_0 \simeq 0.3$\AA. A combination of two exponentials reproduces the observed distribution well, suggesting that MgII absorbers are the superposition of at least two physically distinct populations of absorbing clouds. We also derive a new redshift parameterization for the number density of $W_0^{\lambda2796} \ge 0.3$\AA lines: $N^*=1.001\pm0.132(1+z)^{0.226\pm0.170}$ and $W^*=0.443\pm0.032(1+z)^{0.634\pm 0.097}$\AA. We find that the distribution steepens with decreasing redshift, with $W^*$ decreasing from $0.80\pm0.04$\AA at $z=1.6$ to $0.59\pm0.02$\AA at $z=0.7$. The incidence of moderately strong MgII $\lambda2796$ lines does not show evidence for evolution with redshift. However, lines stronger than $\approx 2$\AA show a decrease relative to the no-evolution prediction with decreasing redshift for $z \lesssim 1$. The evolution is stronger for increasingly stronger lines. Since $W_0$ in saturated absorption lines is an indicator of the velocity spread of the absorbing clouds, we interpret this as an evolution in the kinematic properties of galaxies from moderate to low z.Comment: 50 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Community-Acquired MRSA Pyomyositis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is responsible for a broad range of infections. We report the case of a 46-year-old gentleman with a history of untreated, uncomplicated Hepatitis C who presented with a 2-month history of back pain and was found to have abscesses in his psoas and right paraspinal muscles with subsequent lumbar spine osteomyelitis. Despite drainage and appropriate antibiotic management the patient's clinical condition deteriorated and he developed new upper extremity weakness and sensory deficits on physical exam. Repeat imaging showed new, severe compression of the spinal cord and cauda equina from C1 to the sacrum by a spinal epidural abscess. After surgical intervention and continued medical therapy, the patient recovered completely. This case illustrates a case of CA-MRSA pyomyositis that progressed to lumbar osteomyelitis and a spinal epidural abscess extending the entire length of the spinal canal

Evaluation of Reverse Transcriptase 5\u27 Nuclease Polymerase Chain Reaction assay for the Detection of Viable Heat-Injured and Resuscitated Listeria monocytogenes in Ground Pork

An anaerobic resuscitation-enrichment system was combined with a 5\u27 nuclease reverse transcriptase (RT) protocol for detecting Listeria monocytogenes Scott A from artificially inoculated ground pork. When irradiation-sterilized ground pork containing L. monocytogenes (~6 x 10 5 CFU/g) was heated (60 o C, 14 min), 100% of the cells were injured, as indicated by no growth on selective Modified Oxford (MOX) agar plates incubated aerobically. After resuscitation and enrichment (37°C) in anaerobic Penn State University (PSU) broth, L. monocytogenes was detected within 24 hours both by plating to MOX agar incubated in air and by a fluorogenic 5\u27 nuclease real-time RT-PCR assay. The RT-5\u27 nuclease polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the hemolysin gene (hlyA) detected viable L. monocytogenes directly from the PSU within 24 hours, although a stronger signal was detected after 48 hours of resucitation. The RT-5\u27 nuclease PCR assay bypassed the need for subsequent plating of ground pork to selective agar and thus may shorten the interval to detect low numbers of viable L. monocytogenes following heating of naturally contaminated meat