Biochemical characterization of defense responses in rose genotypes in response to artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen Diplocarpon rosae

Resistance responses in the leaves of eight rose genotypes, Knock Out (highly resistant), Arka Nishkant (moderately resistant), R. multiflora (highly susceptible), Arka Swadesh (highly susceptible), IIHRR 13-4 (susceptible), Arka Parimala (susceptible), R. indica (susceptible) and IIHRR 4-15-12 (moderately susceptible), exhibiting varied levels of resistance against black spot were investigated post artificial inoculation with black spot pathogen, Diplocarpon rosae. There was consistent increase in the activities of defense related enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and other defense related secondary metabolites like phenols and flavonoids at different phases of black spot progression and increase was high in resistant genotypes Knock Out and Arka Nishkant. The peak activity of defense enzymes and high concentration of other metabolites was witnessed during early stages of infection in the resistant genotypes while it was during later phase in the susceptible genotypes. These results suggested that the faster and stronger activation of defense system is associated with the resistance against black spotin the rose genotypes

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF HYDRO PNEUMATIC SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR TRACTOR IMPLEMENT

During the tractor advancement, with being attached to the stoppage-system exercise preparedness over Rough raid surfaces oscillation of the machine take abode. These oscillations are a reason of impression pulsations in the hydraulic hook-system. The compression pulse reduction in the tractor Hitch-system is momentous for incremental of the system components lifetime. Pressure oscillation moisture in the tractor hydraulic defend-system can impair everywhere system oscillations and ameliorate the driving pilot. The show of spring in interrupt system is very serious. In this protrude a shock absorber is purpose and a 3D counterfeit are quiet worn Solid toil. The fontanel is also deviate by turn the stratum of the bound. Structural analysis and modal analysis are done on the intermission system by varying external for emerge, Spring Steel and Beryllium Copper. The analysis is done by considering a thing or two, bike weight, spotless impersonate and 2 persons. Structural analysis is done to establish the strength and formal analysis is done to arrange the displacements for dissimilar frequencies for multitude of modes. Comparison is done for two materials to realize essential for inducement in stop system. Analysis done in ANSYS

MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH-SPEED MOTORIZED SPINDLE

In now’s prosperous business education, with the manifold design of products and reduction of conjunction bike, wanted speed machining technology has been extensively adopted by manufacturers. With the educement of the form and technology, the high frequency spindles has been taken place of the Norma automatic grow more and more, and also be manner of the numerary direction dress with enormous effects. The geometric property of lofty-nicety capability is highly dependent on the dynamic offspring of the fair machining system, which is inclination by the interrelated dynamics of velocipede puppet mechanist building and cutting prosecute. This war is of immense object in advanced, proud-precision manufacturing preserver. The heroics-of-the-dexterity in bicycle gun main axis one is parallel on motorized axis one for superior-hurry and contemptuous movement cutting. In this offer, lofty haste motorized axis is intend and analyzed under the given enjoin conditions. They become fashion in this thesis is that used in a milling thrust bike. The 3D fork of spindle is designed in Pro/Engineer. The corporeal haunt for axis is Steel. In this composition, different materials are analysed for accrue. Aluminium subtility 6061 and 7075 are replace with harden. By repay the stiffen with aluminium calm, the efficacy of the grow decreases. Structural and Dynamic analyses is done assistant-action Ansys software. Modal analysis also is done to settle the frequencies

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTANGULAR AND SQUARE PATCH ANTENNAS WITH SUPERSTRATE

This paper compares the characteristics of rectangular and square patch antennas with and without dielectric Superstrates. The proposed antennas were designed to operate at 2.4GHz and behavior is explained through parameter study using Finite Element Method based on EM- Simulator (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The antennas have been formulated using transmission line model. In this paper, we measured experimentally various characteristics of rectangular and square patch microstrip antennas with and without dielectric Superstrates. The effect of dielectric Superstrate thickness on the antenna characteristics such as resonant frequency, Bandwidth, Beam- width, Gain, Input impedance, Return –loss and VSWR etc. are measured experimentally and compared the characteristics of both antennas. The effect of microstrip patch antenna with dielectric Superstrates results in antenna resonant frequency being shifted to lower side, while other parameters have slight variation in their values. In particular, the resonant frequency increases with the dielectric constant of the Superstrates thickness. In addition, it has also been observed that return loss and VSWR increases, however bandwidth and gain decreases with the dielectric constant of the Superstrates thickness. Input Impedance increases as Superstrate become thick

Enhancing the Security of Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN) based on Blockchain Technology

The blockchain involves future developments and new technologies. The emergence of a blockchain is a challenge for the conventional social organization and mode of activity. Data latency and mobile network capacity would no longer be a limitation for mobile users in next-generation networks of Software Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN). But there are many benefits to Software Defined Mobile Networking, it also contributes to certain security problems like DDoS / DoS attacks, unauthorized access, and single data point error. To enhance the security and privacy of the SDMN control plane, this paper proposes a new SDMN-based “Simplified Byzantine Fault Tolerance (SBFT)” algorithm to send signals between controllers and also set up an analysis study to investigate SBFT's security and results. However, there are many benefits of Software Defined Mobile Networking (SDMN), and then it helps to resolve other security concerns including DDoS / DoS attacks, unauthorized access, and single point failure. Blockchain, an evolving revolutionary technology, will offer creative approaches to address security issues in Software-Defined Mobile networks in an efficient way. This study proposes an SDMN-based Simplified Byzantine Fault Tolerance (SBFT) for enhancing the mobile network's security and privacy

Epoxidation of styrene over MgO-rice derived carbon composite catalyst prepared by <em>in situ</em> transformation technique

1106-1111With a view to develop eco-friendly and metal-free catalysts, herein we report MgO-rice derived carbon composite for epoxidation of styrene to styrene epoxide. MgO-C catalysts prepared via in situ transformation technique are characterized by powder XRD, BET-surface area, Raman spectroscopy, CO2-TPD, CHNS analysis and TGA techniques. Under optimized reaction conditions, MgO-C0.5 catalyst efficiently catalyzed the reaction with 84% conversion of styrene yielding 82% selectivity to styrene epoxide. The characterization results suggest that the catalytic activity is attributed to the presence of well dispersed accessible basic sites obtained through in situ dispersion of MgO over rice derived carbon. MgO-C0.5 catalyst is recyclable up to four cycles without significant loss in the activity and selectivity

Epoxidation of Styrene over Rice derived Carbon as support for MgO prepared via in-situ transformation technique: Characterization and evaluation

With a view to develop eco-friendly and metal-free catalysts, herein we report MgO-rice derived carbon composite for epoxidation of styrene to styrene epoxide. MgO-C catalysts prepared via in situ transformation technique are characterized by powder XRD, BET-surface area, Raman spectroscopy, CO2-TPD, CHNS analysis and TGA techniques. Under optimized reaction conditions, MgO-C0.5 catalyst efficiently catalyzed the reaction with 84% conversion of styrene yielding 82% selectivity to styrene epoxide. The characterization results suggest that the catalytic activity is attributed to the presence of well dispersed accessible basic sites obtained through in situ dispersion of MgO over rice derived carbon. MgO-C0.5 catalyst is recyclable up to four cycles without significant loss in the activity and selectivity

Unusual Isomeric Corniculatolides from Mangrove, <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i>

Four new isomeric macrolides of combretastatin D-2 congeners named isocorniculatolide A (<b>1</b>), 11-<i>O</i>-methylisocorniculatolide A (<b>2</b>), 11-<i>O</i>-methylcorniculatolide A (<b>3</b>), and 12-hydroxy-11-<i>O</i>-methylcorniculatolide A (<b>4</b>), and the known corniculatolide A (<b>5</b>), arjunolic acid, and maslinic acid were isolated from the CHCl₃ extract of the bark of <i>Aegiceras corniculatum</i>. The structures of the new compounds (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analysis (<b>1</b>–<b>5</b>), chemical modifications, and single-crystal X-ray analysis (<b>1</b>)