908 research outputs found
Properties of dwarf stars in Cygnus OB2
We present the results of investigation of five stars, originally classified
as dwarfs, belonging to Cyg OB2 association, their stellar and wind properties.
Using both TLUSTY and CMFGEN codes we derived effective temperatures, surface
gravities, chemical abundances, mass-loss rates and projected rotation
velocities. Due to the fact that distance to the stars is well known, we were
able to estimate their luminosities. Using evolutionary models we estimated the
ages of these sample stars and find that lower mass ones - MT282 and MT343 -
belong to older population of the association. Their ages are greater than 10
Myr. The ages of three other stars - MT317, MT299, MT259 - are between 4-6 Myr.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
Disorder-driven transition to tubular phase in anisotropic two-dimensional materials
We develop a theory of anomalous elasticity in disordered two-dimensional
flexible materials with orthorhombic crystal symmetry. Similar to the clean
case, we predict existence of infinitely many flat phases with anisotropic
bending rigidity and Young's modulus showing power-law scaling with momentum
controlled by a single universal exponent the very same as in the clean
isotropic case. With increase of temperature or disorder these flat phases
undergo crumpling transition. Remarkably, in contrast to the isotropic
materials where crumpling occurs in all spatial directions simultaneously, the
anisotropic materials crumple into tubular phase. In distinction to clean case
in which crumpling transition happens at unphysically high temperatures, a
disorder-induced tubular crumpled phase can exist even at room-temperature
conditions. Our results are applied to anisotropic atomic single layers doped
by adatoms or disordered by heavy ions bombarding.Comment: 18 LaTex pages, 6 figure
Neutrino Emission from Magnetized Proto-Neutron Stars in Relativistic Mean Field Theory
We make a perturbative calculation of neutrino scattering and absorption in
hot and dense hyperonic neutron-star matter in the presence of a strong
magnetic field. We find that the absorption cross-sections show a remarkable
angular dependence in that the neutrino absorption strength is reduced in a
direction parallel to the magnetic field and enhanced in the opposite
direction. This asymmetry in the neutrino absorbtion can be as much as 2.2 % of
the entire neutrino momentum for an interior magnetic field of \sim 2 x 10^{17}
G. We estimate the pulsar kick velocities associated with this asymmetry in a
fully relativistic mean-field theory formulation. We show that the kick
velocities calculated here are comparable to observed pulsar velocities.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1009.097
Germination of pine seed in weightlessness (investigation in Kosmos 782)
An investigation was made of the orientation of aboveground and underground organs of pine plants grown from seed in weightlessness. Orientation was found to be caused by the position of the seeds relative to the substrate surface. Normal growth was manifest only for the plants grown from seed oriented with embryo toward the substrate. Differences were noted between experiment and control as to the quantitative content of nucleoli in the meristematic cells of the rootlets and the shape of cells in the cotyledonous leaflets. No complete agreement was found between data obtained in weightlessness and when gravity was compensated (clinostat treatment with horizontal rotation)
Pine seed germination under weightlessness (a study of the Kosmos 782 satellite)
Orientation of the above and underground organs of pine plants, grown from seeds under weightlessness, was found to be determined by seed position on the substrate. Normal plant growth was observed only if the seed embryos were oriented toward the substrate. Some differences were noted between the experimental and control plants concerning the amount of nucleoli in the root meristematic cells and the cell shape in cotyledonous leaves. No complete similarity was found in experimental results obtained with plants under weightlessness and under compensated gravity. The seeds were obtained from Pinus silvestris, considered to be particularly suitable for this experiment
Effect of synthesis temperature on the transport properties of copper ferrites
Copper ferrites were prepared from equimolar oxide mixtures at different temperatures, and their electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power were measured. The transport properties of the ferrites were found to vary systematically with the synthesis temperature. A model for charge transport in copper ferrite spinels was proposed. The conductivity and thermoelectric power data, together with earlier Mössbauer results, were used to assess the cation distribution in the ferrites
Thermoelectric performance of weakly coupled granular materials
We study thermoelectric properties of inhomogeneous nanogranular materials
for weak tunneling conductance between the grains, g_t < 1. We calculate the
thermopower and figure of merit taking into account the shift of the chemical
potential and the asymmetry of the density of states in the vicinity of the
Fermi surface. We show that the weak coupling between the grains leads to a
high thermopower and low thermal conductivity resulting in relatively high
values of the figure of merit on the order of one. We estimate the temperature
at which the figure of merit has its maximum value for two- and
three-dimensional samples. Our results are applicable for many emerging
materials, including artificially self-assembled nanoparticle arrays.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Thermoelectric performance of granular semiconductors
We study thermoelectric properties of granular semiconductors with weak
tunneling conductance between the grains, g_t < 1. We calculate the thermopower
and figure of merit taking into account the shift of the chemical potential and
the asymmetry of the density of states in the vicinity of the Fermi surface due
to n- or p-type doping in the Efros-Shklovskii regime for temperatures less
than the charging energy. We show that for weakly coupled semiconducting grains
the figure of merit is optimized for grain sizes of order 5nm for typical
materials and its values can be larger than one. We also study the case of
compensated granular semiconductors and show that in this case the thermopower
can be still finite, although two to three orders of magnitude smaller than in
the uncompensated regime.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
- …