380 research outputs found
Effect of ferromagnetic film thickness on magnetoresistance of thin-film superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids
We study the influence of the thickness Df of the plain ferromagnetic (F)
film on the electrical resistance of the flux-coupled hybrids, consisting of
superconducting (S) Al film and multilayer [Co/Pt] F film with out-of-plain
magnetization. The behavior of such hybrids at high and low temperatures is
found to be different: the nucleation of superconductivity at high temperatures
is governed mainly by the typical lateral dimensions of the magnetic domains,
while low temperature properties are determined by topology of the magnetic
template. We show that an increase in the Df value leads to a broadening of the
field- and temperature intervals where non-monotonous dependence of the
superconducting critical temperature Tc on the applied magnetic field H is
observed (for demagnetized F films). Further increase in the Df value results
in a global suppression of superconductivity. Thus, we determined an optimal
thickness, when the non-monotonous dependence Tc(H) can be observed in rather
broad T and H range, what can be interesting for further studies of the
localized superconductivity in planar Al-based S/F hybrids and for development
of the devices which can exploit the localized superconductivity.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
Sonoluminescence and collapse dynamics of multielectron bubbles in helium
Multielectron bubbles (MEBs) differ from gas-filled bubbles in that it is the
Coulomb repulsion of a nanometer thin layer of electrons that forces the bubble
open rather than the pressure of an enclosed gas. We analyze the implosion of
MEBs subjected to a pressure step, and find that despite the difference in the
underlying processes the collapse dynamics is similar to that of gas-filled
bubbles. When the MEB collapses, the electrons inside it undergo strong
accelerations, leading to the emission of radiation. This type of
sonoluminescence does not involve heating and ionisation of any gas inside the
bubble. We investigate the conditions necessary to obtain sonoluminescence from
multielectron bubbles and calculate the power spectrum of the emitted
radiation.Comment: 6 figure
Electric field induced strong localization of electrons on solid hydrogen surface: possible applications to quantum computing
Two-dimensional electron system on the liquid helium surface is one of the
leading candidates for constructing large analog quantum computers (P.M.
Platzman and M.I. Dykman, Science 284, 1967 (1999)). Similar electron systems
on the surfaces of solid hydrogen or solid neon may have some important
advantages with respect to electrons on liquid helium in quantum computing
applications, such as larger state separation , absence of
propagating capillary waves (or ripplons), smaller vapor pressure, etc. As a
result, it may operate at higher temperatures. Surface roughness is the main
hurdle to overcome in building a realistic quantum computer using these states.
Electric field induced strong localization of surface electrons is shown to be
a convenient tool to characterize surface roughness.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
The effect of the probe magnetic moment orientation of magnetic resonance force microscope on the spectra of spin wave resonances
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 16-12-10254)
Charged-Surface Instability Development in Liquid Helium; Exact Solutions
The nonlinear dynamics of charged-surface instability development was
investigated for liquid helium far above the critical point. It is found that,
if the surface charge completely screens the field above the surface, the
equations of three-dimensional (3D) potential motion of a fluid are reduced to
the well-known equations describing the 3D Laplacian growth process. The
integrability of these equations in 2D geometry allows the analytic description
of the free-surface evolution up to the formation of cuspidal singularities at
the surface.Comment: latex, 5 pages, no figure
Equilibrium properties of the mixed state in superconducting niobium in a transverse magnetic field: Experiment and theoretical model
Equilibrium magnetic properties of the mixed state in type-II superconductors
were measured with high purity bulk and film niobium samples in parallel and
perpendicular magnetic fields using dc magnetometry and scanning Hall-probe
microscopy. Equilibrium magnetization data for the perpendicular geometry were
obtained for the first time. It was found that none of the existing theories is
consistent with these new data. To address this problem, a theoretical model is
developed and experimentally validated. The new model describes the mixed state
in an averaged limit, i.e. %without detailing the samples' magnetic structure
and therefore ignoring interactions between vortices. It is quantitatively
consistent with the data obtained in a perpendicular field and provides new
insights on properties of vortices. % and the entire mixed state. At low values
of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, the model converts to that of Peierls and
London for the intermediate state in type-I superconductors. It is shown that
description of the vortex matter in superconductors in terms of a 2D gas is
more appropriate than the frequently used crystal- and glass-like scenarios.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure
INTERNATIONAL MARKET EXPANSION
In article various theoretical aspects of an exit of the companies on the foreign markets are considered. Influence of globalization on productivity of the companies is considered, ways and factors of a choice of strategy of an exit to the world market are analysed. The behavioural and cultural aspects influencing strategy of an exit to the world market are analysed. The analysis of strategy of the companies which have entered the foreign markets, is carried out taking into account the previous researches in this area.The following conclusions became result of research: 1) globalization positively influences the companies as the market increases, however the small companies and the companies in emerging markets lose in competitive fight; 2) the companies with considerable experience are inclined to choose strategy of opening of own enterprise while the organizations without similar experience prefer export or joint venture in the host country territory; 3) the strategy choice with a bigger involvement of resources is directly proportional to knowledge of culture of the country to which there is a company. At entry into the market with other culture smooth adaptation is necessary for successful realization of strategy. At last, people are inclined to make behavioural mistakes, and knowledge of them and continuous control will help to achieve successful results; 4) for an exit and successful work in the foreign markets of the company important not only to possess competences, but also to be able to protect them and to keep in time; 5) on the market with high political and investment risks, and also adverse economic conditions of the company are inclined to choose strategy with the minimum investment of money (franchizes, licensing)
Amplification of Fluctuations in Unstable Systems with Disorder
We study the early-stage kinetics of thermodynamically unstable systems with
quenched disorder. We show analytically that the growth of initial fluctuations
is amplified by the presence of disorder. This is confirmed by numerical
simulations of morphological phase separation (MPS) in thin liquid films and
spinodal decomposition (SD) in binary mixtures. We also discuss the
experimental implications of our results.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Microwave saturation of the Rydberg states of electrons on helium
We present measurements of the resonant microwave excitation of the Rydberg
energy levels of surface state electrons on superfluid helium. The temperature
dependent linewidth agrees well with theoretical predictions and is very small
below 300 mK. Absorption saturation and power broadening were observed as the
fraction of electrons in the first excited state was increased to 0.49, close
to the thermal excitation limit of 0.5. The Rabi frequency was determined as a
function of microwave power. The high values of the ratio of the Rabi frequency
to linewidth confirm this system as an excellent candidate for creating qubits.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Eye Hydrodynamics after Combined Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Complicated Cataract
Aim: To study hydrodynamics of the eye after combined treatment – a combination of laser activation of trabecula and cataract phacoemulsification – in a comparative aspect.Material and methods. The study included 65 patients (65 eyes) with initial and advanced stages (I–II stages) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and complicated cataract. Among the patients there were 38 women (58.5 %) and 27 men (41.5 %), the average age was 68.8 ± 8.2 years. The follow-up period is 12 months after the treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: the main one – 33 patients (33 eyes) who underwent combined treatment – YAG-laser activation of trabecula (YAG-LAT) and phacoemulsification of cataract with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, the control group – 32 patients (32 eyes) who underwent only phacoemulsification.Initially, the average intraocular pressure (IOP) (P0) in the main and control groups was 20.72 ± 3.39 mm Hg and 21.02 ± 3.55 mm Hg respectively. The average number of antihypertensive drugs used in the study group was 1.53 ± 0.64, in the control group – 1.34 ± 0.55.Results. There were no intraand postoperative complications. By the end of the follow-up period, a significant decrease in the average IOP level compared to its preoperative value by 29.2 % was determined in the main group, and 9.8 % in the control. The average number of antihypertensive drugs used in the study group decreased from 1.53 ± 0.64 to 0.67 ± 0.59 (p < 0.05), in the control group of patients, on the contrary, the average number of antihypertensive agents increased from 1.34 ± 0.55 to 1.91 ± 0.70 (p < 0.05).Conclusion. In the long-term postoperative period after combined treatment (YAG-LAT + phaco), IOP normalization was achieved in 96.9 % of cases, as well as a significant increase in visual acuity of patients. The developed method of treatment is safe, has a minimal risk of complications and can be used for the treatment of patients with initial stages of POAG in combination with complicated cataracts with increased IOP level, inefficiency of antihypertensive therapy
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