Assessment of somaclonal variation in sugarcane

A study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 to assess the variability arising from callus regeneration and its vegetative transmission in a subtropical variety of sugarcane, CoJ 64. Qualitative and quantitative characters were evaluated in the field at maturity in each of the 3 years at the same location. The frequencies of variants were compared to those found in the original variety. The tissue culture process resulted in increased morphological variability among the produced somaclones. Their variability was manifested according to the data for stalk diameter, length, internodes, millable canes, leaf length, width and sucrose characters. The variation among the somaclones was confirmed in the three consecutive years.Key words: Callus regeneration, vegetative transmission, sugarcane

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Not AvailableThe present investigation was undertaken to examine the geographic dis-tributions of cytotypes of Saccharum spontaneum L., wild species of sugarcane, in India. New chromosome determinations has been done for 524 accessions collected mainly from four ecological zones, West, East, North and North-east, of the country. A detailed evaluation of cytogeographic pattern of S. spontaneum has been done with these clones along with the clones in which chromosome data is already available. Twenty six cytotypes ranging from 2n=40 (8x) to 2n=112 (14X) has been identified in S. spontaneum from India. Gangetic valley of Sub Himalayan region and deltaic region of South-east zone can be considered as regions of cytogeographic interest with larg-est concentration of different chromosome numbers. North-east region of the country appears to have had a higher evolutionary activity in this species which is evidenced by the occurrence of multiple cytotypes and sympatric growth with other species and genera. The overall cytogeographic pattern of S. spontaneum includes the incidence of mixed polyploidy, aneuploidy, sympatric with different ploidy levels and disjunct dis-tribution of some cytotypes indicate that this species likely to have had multiple inde-pendent origin in different parts of IndiaNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present investigation was undertaken to examine the geographic distributions of cytotypes of Saccharum spontaneum L., wild species of sugarcane, in India. New chromosome determinations has been done for 524 accessions collected mainly from four ecological zones, West, East, North and North-east, of the country. A detailed evaluation of cytogeographic pattern of S. spontaneum has been done with these clones along with the clones in which chromosome data is already available. Twenty six cytotypes ranging from 2n=40 (8x) to 2n=112 (14X) has been identified in S. spontaneum from India. Gangetic valley of Sub Himalayan region and deltaic region of South-east zone can be considered as regions of cytogeographic interest with largest concentration of different chromosome numbers. North-east region of the country appears to have had a higher evolutionary activity in this species which is evidenced by the occurrence of multiple cytotypes and sympatric growth with other species and genera. The overall cytogeographic pattern of S. spontaneum includes the incidence of mixed polyploidy, aneuploidy, sympatric with different ploidy levels and disjunct distribution of some cytotypes indicate that this species likely to have had multiple independent origin in different parts of India.Not Availabl

NADPH oxidases in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive movement neurodegenerative disease associated with a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. Oxidative stress, a condition that occurs due to imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status, is thought to play an important role in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases are multi-subunit enzymatic complexes that generate reactive oxygen species as their primary function. Increased immunoreactivities for the NADPH oxidases catalytic subunits Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 have been reported in the brain of PD patients. Furthermore, knockout or genetic inactivation of NADPH oxidases exert a neuroprotective effect and reduce detrimental aspects of pathology in experimental models of the disease. However, the connections between NADPH oxidases and the biological processes believed to contribute to neuronal death are not well known. This review provides a comprehensive summary of our current understanding about expression and physiological function of NADPH oxidases in neurons, microglia and astrocytes and their pathophysiological roles in PD. It summarizes the findings supporting the role of both microglial and neuronal NADPH oxidases in cellular disturbances associated with PD such as neuroinflammation, alpha-synuclein accumulation, mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction or disruption of the autophagy-lysosome system. Furthermore, this review highlights different steps that are essential for NADPH oxidases enzymatic activity and pinpoints major obstacles to overcome for the development of effective NADPH oxidases inhibitors for PD