432 research outputs found

    Breit-Wheeler Process in Intense Short Laser Pulses

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    Energy-angular distributions of electron-positron pair creation in collisions of a laser beam and a nonlaser photon are calculated using the SS-matrix formalism. The laser field is modeled as a finite pulse, similar to the formulation introduced in our recent paper in the context of Compton scattering [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 85}, 062102 (2012)]. The nonperturbative regime of pair creation is considered here. The energy spectra of created particles are compared with the corresponding spectra obtained using the modulated plane wave approximation for the driving laser field. A very good agreement in these two cases is observed, provided that the laser pulse is sufficiently long. For short pulse durations, this agreement breaks down. The sensitivity of pair production to the polarization of a driving pulse is also investigated. We show that in the nonperturbative regime, the pair creation yields depend on the polarization of the pulse, reaching their maximal values for the linear polarization. Therefore, we focus on this case. Specifically, we analyze the dependence of pair creation on the relative configuration of linear polarizations of the laser pulse and the nonlaser photon. Lastly, we investigate the carrier-envelope phase effect on angular distributions of created particles, suggesting the possibility of phase control in relation to the pair creation processes.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

    Muon pair creation from positronium in a circularly polarized laser field

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    We study elementary particle reactions that result from the interaction of an atomic system with a very intense laser wave of circular polarization. As a specific example, we calculate the rate for the laser-driven reaction e+eβˆ’β†’ΞΌ+ΞΌβˆ’e^+e^- \to \mu^+\mu^-, where the electron and positron originate from a positronium atom or, alternatively, from a nonrelativistic e+eβˆ’e^+e^- plasma. We distinguish accordingly between the coherent and incoherent channels of the process. Apart from numerical calculations, we derive by analytical means compact formulas for the corresponding reaction rates. The rate for the coherent channel in a laser field of circular polarization is shown to be damped because of the destructive interference of the partial waves that constitute the positronium ground-state wave packet. Conditions for the observation of the process via the dominant incoherent channel in a circularly polarized field are pointed out

    ЭнСргСтичСская ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°. Атом ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ нСиссякаСмый источник экологичСски чистой энСргии

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    The fundamentally new approach to the power problem is put forward based on the excitation of electronic quantum transitions in atom responsible for the increase in mass defect of atom. The consecutive quantum theory of hydrogen atom as a system of two particles interacting with each other β€” electron and proton is constructed on the basis of Dirac’s model of electron. The motion of nucleus in the hydrogen atom is shown to essentially affect the physical properties of atom. The en-ergy spectrum of the atom contains two regions of bound states of electron and nucleus separated from each other by energy of the order of 2m2c2 (m2 is the mass of proton, c is the velocity of light). As a consequence, there exist such states of the atom in which the mass defect of atom reaches the value of 2m1 (m1 is the mass of electron). The existence of quantum states of atom with abnormally high mass defect and the ability of atom to make transitions from states with smaller value of mass defect to states with greater value open the prospect of creation of active thermal machines (TM) producing superfluous energy, i.e. transforming the energy of environment to active form. From the conceptual point of view, the idea of production of superfluous energy in active TM does not differ from the physical idea which is carried out in the thoroughly studied reactions of thermonuclear synthesis. In both cases, the question is the organization and maintenance in a system of interacting particles of physical processes in which the state of system changes in such a manner that the mass defect of sys-tem eventually increases in comparison with mass defect in initial state. Distinction between active TM and thermonuclear reactor consists only in the fact that physical processes of various types are used in them: in the first case β€” electronic processes in atoms, and in the second one β€” the processes going on at collision of nucleons and nuclei. The fact that both phenomena β€” the produc-tion of superfluous energy in active TM and the energy liberation in reaction of thermonuclear synthe-sis β€” are of the same physical nature and are described by the same parameter β€” mass defect means that production of superfluous energy is as real as thermonuclear synthesis. As the energy liberation in active TM occurs due to electronic processes in atoms instead of synthesis or splitting of atomic nu-clei, active TM will be ecologically pure energy sources. As fuel for active thermal machine, any substance can serve, the atoms of which can be in states with various values of mass defect. The re-sults of the present work do not contradict the laws of thermodynamics. The principles of action of TM described in textbooks on thermodynamics refer only to such TM which are isolated from envi-ronment (such TM can be naturally referred to as passive). The idea that it is impossible to trans-form energy of environment to active form, deeply rooted in consciousness, is the deepest and tragic delusion of the last century resulted in the orientation of economy of the planet exclusively towards passive TM. Consequences are known: research on the transformation of environment energy to active form (N.Tesla, K.E.Tsiolkovsky, P.K.Oshchepkov, etc.) have been blocked and declared as pseudo science, and the mankind appeared on the verge of ecological catastrophe by the end of the century. The real way toward resolving power problem, as is evident from the results of the paper, passes through the research directed towards the creation of active thermal machines β€” qualitatively new ecologically pure energy sources.ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ энСргСтичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅, Π² основС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² элСктронной подсистСмС Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², приводящих ΠΊ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° массы Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· дираковской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ элСктрона, построСна ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ квантовая тСория Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ систСмы Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ собой частиц β€” элСктрона ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ядра Π² Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° сущСствСнно влияСт Π½Π° физичСскиС свойства Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°. ЭнСргСтичСский спСктр Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ° содСрТит Π΄Π²Π΅ области связанных состояний элСктрона ΠΈ ядра, Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ собой энСргиСй порядка 2m2c2 (m2 β€” масса ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°, c β€” ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ свСта). ВслСдствиС этого, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ состояния Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ массы Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ° достигаСт значСния 2m1 (m1 β€” масса элСктрона). БущСствованиС ΠΊΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… состояний Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ° с аномально высоким Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ массы ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ· состояний с мСньшим Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° массы Π² состояния с большим Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ пСрспСктиву создания Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… машин (ВМ), производящих ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΡŽ, Ρ‚.Π΅. ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ. Π‘ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ зрСния идСя получСния ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ВМ Π½Π΅ отличаСтся ΠΎΡ‚ физичСской ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΈ, осущСствляСмой Π² Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСакциях тСрмоядСрного синтСза. Π’ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ… случаях Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² систСмС Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… частиц физичСских процСссов, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… состояниС систСмы измСняСтся Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ массы систСмы с Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ увСличиваСтся ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ массы Π² Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ состоянии. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ВМ ΠΈ тСрмоядСрным Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ лишь Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ физичСскиС процСссы Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²: Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠΌ случаС β€” элСктронныС процСссы Π² Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…, Π° Π²ΠΎ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ β€” процСссы, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ столкновСнии Π½ΡƒΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ядСр. Π’ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π° явлСния β€” ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ВМ ΠΈ освобоТдСниС энСргии Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ тСрмоядСрного синтСза β€” ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρƒ ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ β€” Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ массы, ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ получСния ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ энСргии ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ тСрмоядСрный синтСз. ΠŸΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ВМ энСрговыдСлСниС происходит Π·Π° счСт элСктронных процСссов Π² Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ…, Π° Π½Π΅ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ синтСза ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ расщСплСния Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ядСр, Ρ‚ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ВМ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ экологичСски бСзопасными источниками энСргии. Π’ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ для Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠ»ΡƒΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ любоС вСщСство, Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² состояниях с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ значСниями Π΄Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° массы. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ настоящСй Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π‘Ρ…Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ дСйствия ВМ, описываСмыС Π² ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π±Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅, относятся лишь ΠΊ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ВМ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды (Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ВМ СстСствСнно Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ пассивными). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ нСвозмоТности прСвращСния энСргии ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ, Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π² сознании, являСтся Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π°ΠΉΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ трагичСским Π·Π°Π±Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ экономики ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π° пассивныС ВМ. ΠŸΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΡ извСстны: исслСдования ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ энСргии срСды Π² Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒ (Н. ВСсла, К.Π­. Циолковский, П.К.ΠžΡ‰Π΅ΠΏΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€.) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π»ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΈ чСловСчСство ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Ρƒ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° оказалось Π½Π° Π³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈ экологичСской катастрофы. Π Π΅Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ энСргСтичСской ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· исслСдования, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° созданиС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ВМ β€” качСствСнно Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… экологичСски чистых источников энСргии

    Essential self-adjointness of magnetic Schr\"odinger operators on locally finite graphs

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    We give sufficient conditions for essential self-adjointness of magnetic Schr\"odinger operators on locally finite graphs. Two of the main theorems of the present paper generalize recent results of Torki-Hamza.Comment: 14 pages; The present version differs from the original version as follows: the ordering of presentation has been modified in several places, more details have been provided in several places, some notations have been changed, two examples have been added, and several new references have been inserted. The final version of this preprint will appear in Integral Equations and Operator Theor

    Time, what is it? Dynamical Properties of Time 1

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    Abstract. The phenomenon of local dynamical inhomogeneity of time is predicted, which implies that the course of time along the trajectory of motion of a particle in the inertial reference frames moving relative to each other depends on the state of motion of the particle under the influence of a force field. As is seen from the results obtained, the ability to influence the course of time represents one of the most fundamental properties of any material system intrinsically inherent in it by the very nature of things, which manifests itself when the system interacts with force fields. The inferences of the paper are not based on the use of any hypotheses and strictly follow from relativistic equations of motion. The dependence of the course of time upon the behaviour of physical system is, thus, a direct consequence of causality principle, relativity principle and the pseudoeuclidity of space-time. The results obtained confirm the Kozyrev hypothesis that time has physical properties and open up radically new opportunities for the efficient control of physical processes. It is demonstrated with point particle that the change in the course of time results in the appearance of an additional force acting on the particle. A general conclusion is drawn on the basis of the theory advanced that relativistic equations of motion for any kind of matter contain information about the physical properties of time, which are, thus, of dynamical nature

    Numerical study of oil spill in the Patos lagoon under flood and ebb conditions

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    Facing great obstacles to eradicate environmental hazards generated by oil spills, it is crucial to establish actions against such accidents. In this context, the focus of this study is to analyze oil spills at the harbor region of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul. The Easy Coupling Oil System (ECOS) model was used to model the oil spills under different environmental conditions simulated by the hydrodynamic model Telemac-3D, with the intention to identify the main forces controlling the movement of the oil slicks over a year of averaged hydrodynamic conditions from 2003 to 2015. The computational domain comprises the Patos Lagoon, the harbor area of Rio Grande and the Southern Brazilian Shelf. For the oil spill simulations, eight distinct events were defined considering both flood and ebb conditions in the estuarine region of the Patos Lagoon. The oil spill simulations showed that, in ebb conditions, the oil slick movement is mainly ruled by the currents, moving towards the outflow. After a few hours, the wind action makes the slick move towards the margins of the waterway. In flood conditions, on the other hand, the oil slick drifts to the interior of the estuary, following the dominant currents and the local winds
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