792 research outputs found
Two-band superconductors: Extended Ginzburg-Landau formalism by a systematic expansion in small deviation from the critical temperature
We derive the extended Ginzburg-Landau (GL) formalism for a clean s-wave
two-band superconductor by employing a systematic expansion of the free-energy
functional and the corresponding matrix gap equation in powers of the small
deviation from the critical temperature tau = 1-T/T_c. The two lowest orders of
this expansion produce the equation for T_c and the GL theory. It is shown that
in agreement with previous studies, the two-band GL theory maps onto the
single-band GL model and thus fails to describe the difference in the spatial
profiles of the two band condensates. We prove that except for some very
special cases, this difference appears already in the leading correction to the
GL theory, which constitutes the extended GL formalism. We derive linear
differential equations that determine the leading corrections to the band order
parameters and magnetic field, discuss the validity of these equations, and
consider examples of an important interplay between the band condensates.
Finally, we present numerical results for the thermodynamic critical magnetic
field and temperature-dependent band gaps (at zero field), which are in a very
good agreement with those obtained from the full BCS approach in a wide
temperature range. To this end, we emphasize the advantages of our extended GL
theory in comparison with the often used two-component GL-like model based on
an unreconstructed two-band generalization of the Gor'kov derivation
Physical degrees of freedom in stabilized brane world models
We consider brane world models with interbrane separation stabilized by the
Goldberger-Wise scalar field. For arbitrary background, or vacuum
configurations of the gravitational and scalar fields in such models, we
construct the second variation Lagrangian, study its gauge invariance, find the
corresponding equations of motion and decouple them in a suitable gauge. We
also derive an effective four-dimensional Lagrangian for such models, which
describes the massless graviton, a tower of massive gravitons and a tower of
massive scalars. It is shown that for a special choice of the background
solution the masses of the graviton excitations may be of the order of a few
TeV, the radion mass of the order of 100 GeV, the inverse size of the extra
dimension being tens of GeV. In this case the coupling of the radion to matter
on the negative tension brane is approximately the same as in the unstabilized
model with the same values of the fundamental five-dimensional energy scale and
the interbrane distance.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, corrected typos, amended the normalization constants
of the scalar modes and their coupling constants to matte
Computer simulation of thermal cycling of porous coatings: hybrid excitable cellular automata method
Disorders of the hemostasis system while doing coronary shunting on a working heart
Objective. To investigate the connection between application of solutions for infusion and parameters of the hemostasis system while the elective operations performance of coronary shunting on the working heart.
Materials and methods. The results of examination and surgical treatment were analyzed in 80 patients, in whom coronary shunting on the working heart was conducted. The patients were divided into three groups: the Investigation Group I (IG I) – 20 patients, in whom colloidal solution of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 was applied intraoperatively, the Investigation Group II (IG II) - 20 patients, in whom colloidal 4% solution of gelatin was used intraoperatively, and a Control Group, consisted of 40 patients, in whom only crystalloidal solutions were included in the infusion therapy program. The coagulation hemostasis indices, the blood loss volume and the need for hemotransfusion were compared.
Results. In the IG I patients the volume of perioperative blood loss was more than in the IG II patients – (615 ± 191) and (438 ± 62) ml, accordingly (p=0.0003), and the coagulation hemostasis indices were trustworthily lower at the operation ending, demanding the erythrocytic mass transfusion doing in 3 (15%) patients. The IG II patients, comparing with the Control Group, suffered more volume of the blood loss - (560 ± 164) and (438 ± 62) ml, accordingly (p=0,02), and the changes in the coagulation indices, similar to changes in patients of the IG I, comparing with the Control Group patients. Any patient from the IG II needed hemotransfusion perioperatively.
Conclusion. Application of colloidal solutions while doing elective operations of CSH on the working heart leads to disorder of coagulation hemostasis, the intraoperative blood loss and the need for hemotransfusion enhancement
Non-Gaussian signatures of Tachyacoustic Cosmology
I investigate non-Gaussian signatures in the context of tachyacoustic
cosmology, that is, a noninflationary model with superluminal speed of sound. I
calculate the full non-Gaussian amplitude , its size ,
and corresponding shapes for a red-tilted spectrum of primordial scalar
perturbations. Specifically, for cuscuton-like models I show that , and the shape of its non-Gaussian amplitude peaks for
both equilateral and local configurations, the latter being dominant. These
results, albeit similar, are quantitatively distinct from the corresponding
ones obtained by Magueijo {\it{et. al}} in the context of superluminal bimetric
models.Comment: Some comments and references added. Matches the version published in
JCA
Gravity and non-gravity mediated couplings in multiple-field inflation
Mechanisms for the generation of primordial non-Gaussian metric fluctuations
in the context of multiple-field inflation are reviewed. As long as kinetic
terms remain canonical, it appears that nonlinear couplings inducing
non-gaussianities can be split into two types. The extension of the one-field
results to multiple degrees of freedom leads to gravity mediated couplings that
are ubiquitous but generally modest. Multiple-field inflation offers however
the possibility of generating non-gravity mediated coupling in isocurvature
directions that can eventually induce large non-Gaussianities in the metric
fluctuations. The robustness of the predictions of such models is eventually
examined in view of a case study derived from a high-energy physics
construction.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, invited review for CQG issue on non-linear
cosmolog
Effects of broadening and electron overheating in tunnel structures based on metallic clusters
We study the influence of energy levels broadening and electron subsystem
overheating in island electrode (cluster) on current-voltage characteristics of
three-electrode structure. A calculation scheme for broadening effect in
one-dimensional case is suggested. Estimation of broadening is performed for
electron levels in disc-like and spherical gold clusters. Within the
two-temperature model of metallic cluster and by using a size dependence of the
Debye frequency the effective electron temperature as a function of bias
voltage is found approximately. We suggest that the effects of broadening and
electron overheating are responsible for the strong smoothing of
current-voltage curves, which is observed experimentally at low temperatures in
structures based on clusters consisting of accountable number of atoms.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
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