2,100 research outputs found
Morphological filtering on hypergraphs
The focus of this article is to develop computationally efficient
mathematical morphology operators on hypergraphs. To this aim we consider
lattice structures on hypergraphs on which we build morphological operators. We
develop a pair of dual adjunctions between the vertex set and the hyper edge
set of a hypergraph H, by defining a vertex-hyperedge correspondence. This
allows us to recover the classical notion of a dilation/erosion of a subset of
vertices and to extend it to subhypergraphs of H. Afterward, we propose several
new openings, closings, granulometries and alternate sequential filters acting
(i) on the subsets of the vertex and hyperedge set of H and (ii) on the
subhypergraphs of a hypergraph
Explicit Construction of Optimal Exact Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage
Erasure coding techniques are used to increase the reliability of distributed
storage systems while minimizing storage overhead. Also of interest is
minimization of the bandwidth required to repair the system following a node
failure. In a recent paper, Wu et al. characterize the tradeoff between the
repair bandwidth and the amount of data stored per node. They also prove the
existence of regenerating codes that achieve this tradeoff.
In this paper, we introduce Exact Regenerating Codes, which are regenerating
codes possessing the additional property of being able to duplicate the data
stored at a failed node. Such codes require low processing and communication
overheads, making the system practical and easy to maintain. Explicit
construction of exact regenerating codes is provided for the minimum bandwidth
point on the storage-repair bandwidth tradeoff, relevant to
distributed-mail-server applications. A subspace based approach is provided and
shown to yield necessary and sufficient conditions on a linear code to possess
the exact regeneration property as well as prove the uniqueness of our
construction.
Also included in the paper, is an explicit construction of regenerating codes
for the minimum storage point for parameters relevant to storage in
peer-to-peer systems. This construction supports a variable number of nodes and
can handle multiple, simultaneous node failures. All constructions given in the
paper are of low complexity, requiring low field size in particular.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, in the Proceedings of Allerton Conference on
Communication, Control and Computing, September 200
Interference Alignment in Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage: Necessity and Code Constructions
Regenerating codes are a class of recently developed codes for distributed
storage that, like Reed-Solomon codes, permit data recovery from any arbitrary
k of n nodes. However regenerating codes possess in addition, the ability to
repair a failed node by connecting to any arbitrary d nodes and downloading an
amount of data that is typically far less than the size of the data file. This
amount of download is termed the repair bandwidth. Minimum storage regenerating
(MSR) codes are a subclass of regenerating codes that require the least amount
of network storage; every such code is a maximum distance separable (MDS) code.
Further, when a replacement node stores data identical to that in the failed
node, the repair is termed as exact.
The four principal results of the paper are (a) the explicit construction of
a class of MDS codes for d = n-1 >= 2k-1 termed the MISER code, that achieves
the cut-set bound on the repair bandwidth for the exact-repair of systematic
nodes, (b) proof of the necessity of interference alignment in exact-repair MSR
codes, (c) a proof showing the impossibility of constructing linear,
exact-repair MSR codes for d < 2k-3 in the absence of symbol extension, and (d)
the construction, also explicit, of MSR codes for d = k+1. Interference
alignment (IA) is a theme that runs throughout the paper: the MISER code is
built on the principles of IA and IA is also a crucial component to the
non-existence proof for d < 2k-3. To the best of our knowledge, the
constructions presented in this paper are the first, explicit constructions of
regenerating codes that achieve the cut-set bound.Comment: 38 pages, 12 figures, submitted to the IEEE Transactions on
Information Theory;v3 - The title has been modified to better reflect the
contributions of the submission. The paper is extensively revised with
several carefully constructed figures and example
Antimicrobial Activity of Sphaeranthus indicus L.
Aerial parts and flowers of Sphaeranthus indicus were extracted with n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, ehtylacetate and acetone. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity using in vitro disc diffusion method at concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/disc. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was tested using broth micro dilution method at concentrations ranging from 5 to 0.039 mg/ml. Significant antibacterial and antifungal activity was observed in hexane extract of flower and aerial parts. The flower extract showed MIC as 0.15 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and the highest MIC (5 mg/ml) was noted for S. epidermidis. The n-hexane extracts of flower and aerial parts showed MIC as 0.15 and 1.25 mg/ml respectively against Candida albicans. In conclusion, the S. indicus flower n-hexane extract seems to be a promising antimicrobial agent
Factors influencing development of trans urethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients with various co morbid medical illness: a prospective study
Background: The aim of this prospective study is to analyse the factors influencing development of trans urethral resection of prostate (TURP) syndrome in benign Prostatic hyperplasia patients with various co morbid medical illness in Thanjavur Medical College Hospital, from February 2015 to January 2017.Methods: This prospective study was done among 38 benign hyperplasia prostate patients with various co morbid medical illness underwent TURP. Pre-operative and post-operative serum sodium levels correlated with signs and symptoms developed in various prostate gland sizes, resection times and volume of irrigation fluids.Results: Sodium level has gone down to 14 meq/L, gone up to 2 meq/L post-operatively. Major fluctuations in serum sodium was seen in prostate size more than 50 grams, resection time more than 40 mints, irrigant volume more than 24 litres. Mean sodium decrease was increased when gland size was increased, resection time was increased, irrigant volume was increased.Conclusions: In renal insufficiency patients, it is safe to complete the procedure within 40 minutes and restrict irrigant volume 15 litres, in coronary artery disease patients it is safe to restrict irrigant fluid volume less than 20 litres. In Diabetes Mellitus patients, it is safe to restrict irrigant fluid volume less than 24 litres. In hypertensive patients, it is safe to restrict the resection time less than 45 minutes. In patients with Diabetes and hypertension, it is safe to restrict the resection time less than 40 minutes and irrigant fluid less than 20 litres
Star formation in mergers with cosmologically motivated initial conditions
We use semi-analytic models and cosmological merger trees to provide the
initial conditions for multi-merger numerical hydrodynamic simulations, and
exploit these simulations to explore the effect of galaxy interaction and
merging on star formation (SF). We compute numerical realisations of twelve
merger trees from z=1.5 to z=0. We include the effects of the large hot gaseous
halo around all galaxies, following recent obervations and predictions of
galaxy formation models. We find that including the hot gaseous halo has a
number of important effects. Firstly, as expected, the star formation rate on
long timescales is increased due to cooling of the hot halo and refuelling of
the cold gas reservoir. Secondly, we find that interactions do not always
increase the SF in the long term. This is partially due to the orbiting
galaxies transferring gravitational energy to the hot gaseous haloes and
raising their temperature. Finally we find that the relative size of the
starburst, when including the hot halo, is much smaller than previous studies
showed. Our simulations also show that the order and timing of interactions are
important for the evolution of a galaxy. When multiple galaxies interact at the
same time, the SF enhancement is less than when galaxies interact in series.
All these effects show the importance of including hot gas and cosmologically
motivated merger trees in galaxy evolution models.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA
From Discs to Bulges: effect of mergers on the morphology of galaxies
We study the effect of mergers on the morphology of galaxies by means of the
simulated merger tree approach first proposed by Moster et al. This method
combines N-body cosmological simulations and semi-analytic techniques to
extract realistic initial conditions for galaxy mergers. These are then evolved
using high resolution hydrodynamical simulations, which include dark matter,
stars, cold gas in the disc and hot gas in the halo. We show that the satellite
mass accretion is not as effective as previously thought, as there is
substantial stellar stripping before the final merger. The fraction of stellar
disc mass transferred to the bulge is quite low, even in the case of a major
merger, mainly due to the dispersion of part of the stellar disc mass into the
halo. We confirm the findings of Hopkins et al., that a gas rich disc is able
to survive major mergers more efficiently. The enhanced star formation
associated with the merger is not localised to the bulge of galaxy, but a
substantial fraction takes place in the disc too. The inclusion of the hot gas
reservoir in the galaxy model contributes to reducing the efficiency of bulge
formation. Overall, our findings suggest that mergers are not as efficient as
previously thought in transforming discs into bulges. This possibly alleviates
some of the tensions between observations of bulgeless galaxies and the
hierarchical scenario for structure formation.Comment: MNRAS Accepted, 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 Table
Capparis sepiaria Linn - Pharmacognostical standardization and toxicity profile with chemical compounds identification (GC-MS)
The present study was intended to evaluate the various pharmacognostical procedures in the leaves of Capparis sepiaria Linn., (Capparidaceae). The various pharmacognostical parameters were carried out as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., bitterness, fineness, microscopical sections, loss on drying, water and alcoholic extractive values, water insoluble ash, acid soluble ash, total ash, swelling index, foaming index, heavy metal analysis, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies (acute, subacute and chronic toxicity). The study was extended with analyzing the chemical compounds identification in the EECS (ethanolic extract of Capparis sepiaria by using GC-MS. The presence of various phytoconstituents such as glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, saponins, starch and terpenoids is evidenced in EECS & AECS. The results showed that acid insoluble ash (1.70%), total ash (8.68%), water soluble ash (3.42%), water extractive (31.55%), alcohol extractive (5.06%), foaming index (105.26 Unit), loss on drying (9.84%), swelling index (4.16%), acute toxicity (nil), sub-acute toxicity (nil), chronic toxicity (nil). The study was concluded with the plant has standardized as per the World Health Organization procedures. The result of the pharmacognostical standardization of this plant serves as a reference piece and helps in future identification and authentication of this plant specimen. Might be the plant C. sepiaria has potential property by the standardization and it can be included in the normal flora of the plant kingdom.Keywords: C. sepiaria; Microscopical; Macroscopical standardization
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