Methodological significance of dialectics in medicine

The article deals with the question of the methodological significance of the laws of dialectics in medicine.В статье рассмотрен вопрос методологического значения законов диалектики в медицин

The potential of the four-channell volumetric sphygmography in assessing the stiffness of the vascular wall in adolescents with arterial hypertension

The prevalence of hypertension among children ranges from 2 to 18%. Most of the risk factors that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease are realized through the influence on the vascular wall. The paper analyzes the results of measuring vascular stiffness using volumetric sphygmography among adolescents with arterial hypertension. However, there were no significant differences in arterial vascular stiffness among the examined groups. This may be due to the insufficient number of children in the study groups.В настоящее время происходит «омоложение» сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Так распространенность АГ среди детей колеблется от 2 до 18%. Большинство факторов риска, приводящих к развитию сердечно- сосудистой патологии, реализуются через влияние на сосудистую стенку. Вработе проведен анализ результатов измерения сосудистой жесткости с помощью объемной сфигмографии среди подростков с артериальной гипертензией. Среди обследованных групп не установлено достоверных различий с нормативными значениями показателей артериальной жесткости сосудов. Данное обстоятельство может быть связано с недостаточным количеством детей в исследованных группах

Efficiency of psycho-emotional stroop-test in the diagnostics of arterial hypertension for children and teenagers

We used Stroop-test as a psychoemotional load of children in hospital. Before, during and after testing we estimated arterial pressure and pulse, also we estimated ECG and 24-hour blood pressure monitorin. Wer previously analysed the medical histories of patients (medical history, complaints, and related pathology). The Stroop-test showed a high efficiency of 63%. It allows to reveal among patients a group of persons with early functional haemodynamic infringements that allows to consider them as group of the raised risk of development of an arterial hypertensia and demands their further supervision and inspection.Исследование психоэмоционального состояния больных проводили с помощью Струп-теста. Тестирование проводили в условиях стационара. До, во время и после тестирования измеряли АД и ЧСС у детей, дополнительно проводилось снятие электрокардиограммы, а также суточное мониторирование артериального давления. Предварительно были проанализированы истории болезни больных (анамнез, жалобы, сопутствующая патология). Проба показала высокую эффективность 63%, что говорит о возможности ее применения в качестве дополнительного метода к уже известным пробам, но для более точной ее оценки необходимы дополнительные исследования с привлечением группы контроля и стандартизация пробы

Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of the State of Vaginal Biocenosis among Patients with Preterm Labor

Relevance. Premature birth (PR) in the etiopathogenetic relationship is a clinical syndrome characterized by polyetiology, a chronic course of the process, the participation of the fetus in pathogenesis, a variety of clinical symptoms, and the involvement of genetic and environmental factors. The infectious factor is considered as the leading risk for the development of PR. According to the literature, more than 40% of PR is due to the presence of an infectious process. The most significant are intrauterine and cervical vaginal infections. Purpose of the study was a clinical and microbiological assessment of the state of the vaginal biotope in women with various options for spontaneous preterm birth.Materials and methods. The diagnostic complex included bacterioscopic, bacteriological, and also molecular genetic studies. The object of the study was pregnant women with timely physiological delivery and with various types of preterm birth, who were hospitalized in specialized medical organizations of the Nizhny Novgorod region. A total of 260 patients were examined, and 1000 studies were conducted. Material for research was the contents of the vagina and cervical canal.Results. The state of the vaginal biocenosis was characterized by pronounced irregularity in patients with different variants of spontaneous preterm birth. In women with premature rupture of the membranes, a local inflammatory process with the prevalence of conditionally pathogenic microflora over lactic acid bacteria was significantly frequent. Lactoflora prevailed among patients with true PR and with timely physiological labor in the composition of the vaginal biotope. In women with preterm labor with isthmic-cervical insufficiency, there were mixed disorders of the vaginal biocenosis.Conclusions. The risk of developing spontaneous preterm birth is reliably determined by the state of the vaginal biocenosis

Predictors of Preterm Labor: Case-Control Study

Background. The problem of preterm labor is currently the most relevant in modern obstetrics, and therefore requires a comprehensive study and application of an integrated approach to its solution. The identification of risk factors for the development of preterm labor, as well as their complex in a pregnant woman, makes it possible to attribute them to a high risk group for the development of preterm labor, which further makes t possible to carry out a number of preventive measures.Aims. The purpose of the study was to identify and test the hypothesis of the relationship between various risk factors and the development of preterm labor.Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive-estimated selective scientific epidemiological study was conducted according tostatistical reporting forms for the period from 2012 to 2016. The study of the causal relationship of risk factors with the occurrence of preterm labor was carried out using a casecontrol analytical study and calculating the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the «Epi InfoTM» program.Results and conclusions. The study period was characterized by minor changes in the rate of preterm labor in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The average long-term figure was 5.0%. The level of preterm birth in the Nizhny Novgorod region was 1.3 times higher than in the Russian Federation. The role of the following risk factors in the occurrence of preterm labor was revealed: a history of 2 or more medical abortions (OR 5.09), inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (OR 3.15), menstrual disorders (OR 3.38), and arterial hypertension (OR 2,4), MARS (OR 2,07), varicose veins disease (OR 3,08), cervico-vaginal infection (OR 5,33), other infectious and inflammatory diseases (OR 9,2)

An experimental assay of the interactions of amino acids from orthologous sequences shaping a complex fitness landscape

Characterizing the fitness landscape, a representation of fitness for a large set of genotypes, is key to understanding how genetic information is interpreted to create functional organisms. Here we determined the evolutionarily-relevant segment of the fitness landscape of His3, a gene coding for an enzyme in the histidine synthesis pathway, focusing on combinations of amino acid states found at orthologous sites of extant species. Just 15% of amino acids found in yeast His3 orthologues were always neutral while the impact on fitness of the remaining 85% depended on the genetic background. Furthermore, at 67% of sites, amino acid replacements were under sign epistasis, having both strongly positive and negative effect in different genetic backgrounds. 46% of sites were under reciprocal sign epistasis. The fitness impact of amino acid replacements was influenced by only a few genetic backgrounds but involved interaction of multiple sites, shaping a rugged fitness landscape in which many of the shortest paths between highly fit genotypes are inaccessible.The work was supported by HHMI International Early Career Scientist Program (55007424), the MINECO (BFU2012-31329, BFU2012-37168, BFU2015-68351-P and BFU2015-68723-P), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013-2017 grant (SEV-2012-0208), the Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu funded by the MINECO (MDM-2014-0370), Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat AGAUR program (2014 SGR 0974), the CERCA Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant (18-04-01173), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie programme (665385) and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013, ERC grant agreement 335980_EinME and Synergy Grant 609989). KSS was supported by EMBO long-term fellowship (ALTF 107-2016). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript