74 research outputs found
Measurement of the speed of sound by observation of the Mach cones in a complex plasma under microgravity conditions
We report the first observation of the Mach cones excited by a larger
microparticle (projectile) moving through a cloud of smaller microparticles
(dust) in a complex plasma with neon as a buffer gas under microgravity
conditions. A collective motion of the dust particles occurs as propagation of
the contact discontinuity. The corresponding speed of sound was measured by a
special method of the Mach cone visualization. The measurement results are
incompatible with the theory of ion acoustic waves. The estimate for the
pressure in a strongly coupled Coulomb system and a scaling law for the complex
plasma make it possible to derive an evaluation for the speed of sound, which
is in a reasonable agreement with the experiments in complex plasmas.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
Freezing and melting of 3D complex plasma structures under microgravity conditions driven by neutral gas pressure manipulation
Freezing and melting of large three-dimensional complex plasmas under
microgravity conditions is investigated. The neutral gas pressure is used as a
control parameter to trigger the phase changes: Complex plasma freezes (melts)
by decreasing (increasing) the pressure. Evolution of complex plasma structural
properties upon pressure variation is studied. Theoretical estimates allow us
to identify main factors responsible for the observed behavior.Comment: Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press); 4 pages, 4 figure
Phenomena in Complex (Dusty) Plasma Studied under Microgravity Conditions
Complex (dusty) plasmas are composed of weakly ionized gas and charged microparticles and represent the plasma state of soft matter. The investigations which are not available on ground have been per-formed onboard the International Space Station (ISS) with the help of the βPlasma Crystal-3 Plusβ (PK-3 Plus) laboratory. A number of interesting phenomena has been observed. The phase transition from iso-tropic plasma into electrorheological plasma was initiated. The crystal-liquid phase transition was ob-tained in large 3D isotropic dusty plasma. The slow compression of the dust particle subsystem has been investigated
Fluid-solid phase transitions in 3D complex plasmas under microgravity conditions
Phase behavior of large three-dimensional complex plasma systems under
microgravity conditions onboard the International Space Station is
investigated. The neutral gas pressure is used as a control parameter to
trigger phase changes. Detailed analysis of structural properties and
evaluation of three different melting/freezing indicators reveal that complex
plasmas can exhibit melting by increasing the gas pressure. Theoretical
estimates of complex plasma parameters allow us to identify main factors
responsible for the observed behavior. The location of phase states of the
investigated systems on a relevant equilibrium phase diagram is estimated.
Important differences between the melting process of 3D complex plasmas under
microgravity conditions and that of flat 2D complex plasma crystals in ground
based experiments are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles as a Method of Increasing Their Antibacterial Action
In this article, a series of silver-containing dressings are prepared by metal-vapor synthesis (MVS), and their antibacterial properties are investigated. The antibacterial activity of the dressings containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some Gram-positive, and Gram-negative microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Moraxella spp.) has been determined. Based on the plasmon resonance frequency of these nanoparticles, the frequency of laser irradiation of the dressing was chosen. The gauze bandage examined showed pronounced antibacterial properties, especially to Staphylococcus aureus strain. When 470 nm laser radiation, with a power of 5 mW, was applied for 5 min, 4 h after inoculating the Petri dish, and placing a bandage containing silver nanoparticles on it, the antibacterial effect of the latter significantly increased—both against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The structure and chemical composition of the silver-containing nanocomposite were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The synthesized AgNPs demonstrate narrow and monomodal particle size distribution with an average size of 1.75 nm. Atoms of metal in Ag/bandage system are mainly in Ag0 state, and the oxidized atoms are in the form of Ag-Ag-O groups
Innovative engineering training in a competitive educational environment
Introduction. The level of mastery of innovative engineering has always determined the qualifications of engineering personnel, who ensure the technological progress of society and the modern technological structure of its economy. In this regard, the problem of increasing the efficiency of preparation for such activities is relevant. To solve it, an appropriate educational environment is created. This educational environment involves a teaching, developmental, upbringing, control-diagnostic and reflective means, which allows various pedagogical conditions, including innovative activities, to be simulated. The most effective of them are competitive environments, due to the increased motivation of their subjects for learning, formed when the natural quality of a person, i.e. competitiveness, is developed in them. However, these environments do not fully disclose the mechanism of formation of motivation and its structure. This raises the dilemma of creating a new competitive educational environment based on the use of competitiveness. The aim of the present research is to increase the efficiency of university students' training for innovative engineering activities due to high motivation to master it through the use of competitiveness. Methodology and research methods. In the current research, the authors were guided by the concept of multi-level and multi-stage preparation of university students for innovative engineering activities. For its implementation, a methodological system was used, including: 1) approaches to learning (integrated, interdisciplinary, systemic, substrate and structured), aimed at creating a competitive educational environment with its specific hierarchy, structure and substrates; 2) methods (competitions - to provide increased motivation; hypothetical-deductive method - to put forward a hypothesis; morphology - to analyse and choose methods; pedagogy of cooperation - to create a comfortable environment); 3) principles (competitiveness, unity of fundamental and professional orientation, interdisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, etc.). Results and scientific novelty. In the course of the research, a competitive educational environment was created as a system of interacting subjects and objects of educational activity, which has a multicomponent structure. During its developmental process, special attention was paid to the design of models of organisational forms of its implementation, common to which is the high personal motivation of the participants due to the presence of competition, competitive spirit and rivalry. One of them is the All-Russian Scientific Student Festival and related events, annually organised by the authors. The features of increased motivation formation to master innovative activities in these conditions among students, taking into account their psychological and behavioural characteristics, were considered as well. Its structure was revealed as a set of motives, which encourage the individual to be involved in a particular activity. The motives are determined not only by the ability to realise the student's personal quality of competitiveness, but also by other motives caused by emotions they experience at the stages of the competitive substrate of the festival (preparation - performance - analysis). This constitutes the scientific novelty of the research conducted by the authors. Practical significance. The methodological system of research is concretised. The methods have been created for organising and holding the festival, teaching innovative engineering activities in a competitive educational environment based on the involvement of students in all stages of innovative activities and increased motivation to master it. Methodological support for the functioning of the educational environment has been developed.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ» ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π΄ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° - ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ - ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Ρ: 1) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ (ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ), Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ); 2) ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ (ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ; Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ - Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ; ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ - Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²; ΠΏΠ΅Π΄Π°Π³ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° - Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ); 3) ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ (ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
- Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Ρ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° - Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ - Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·). ΠΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Ρ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ.The authors express their gratitude to the reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions, which significantly improved the quality of the research paper. The reported research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) within the framework of the research project β 20-313-90007.ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ Π Π€Π€Π Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° β 20-313-90007
ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠ Π£Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠ’Π Π‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ’ΠΠ₯
The paper presents the data on examination of microbiocoenosis of urogenital tract in 144 dogs of different breed and age whose private owners are Novosibirsk citizens. Microorganisms isolated from pathological stock were analyzed for their sensitivity to antibacterial preparations. Frequently identified microorganisms were found out, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. There were established associations of microorganisms Staphylococcus spp. + Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. + Proteus spp. The paper also shows microorganismsβ sensitivity to Ξ²-lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, etc. Microorganisms were found out to be resistant to antibiotics, such as oxacillin, doxycycline, and rifampicin. High activity of fluoroquinolones is determined regarding most microorganisms. The data obtained are of practical value for selecting antibacterial preparations when treating dogsβ gynecological diseases of infectious etiology.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° 144 ΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ Π³. ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΊΒ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ. ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Staphylococcusspp. + Enterococcusspp., Staphylococcus spp. + Proteus spp. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊΒ Ξ²-Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌΠ½ΡΠΌ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ, Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ, ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΒ Π΄Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΡΠΈ- ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π²Β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Understanding Russia's return to the Middle East
Over recent years, there has been a significant resurgence of Russian power and influence in the Middle East, which has been evident in the diplomatic and military intervention into Syria. This article identifies the principal factors behind Russiaβs return to the region. First, there are domestic political influences with the coincidence of the uprisings in the Middle East, the so-called βArab Spring,β with large-scale domestic opposition protests within Russia during the elections in 2011β2012. Second, there is the role of ideas, most notably the growing anti-Westernism in Putinβs third presidential term, along with Russiaβs own struggle against Islamist terrorism. These ideational factors contributed to Russiaβs resolve to support the Assad government against both Western intervention and its domestic Islamist opposition. Third, Russia has benefited from a pragmatic and flexible approach in its engagement with the region. Moscow seeks to ensure that it is a critical actor for all the various states and political movements in the Middle East
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